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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations

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Principles of Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (type 1 DM) is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion, a relatively rapid onset, and dependence on exogenous insulin at the time of diagnosis. Patients with type 1 DM are also prone to ketosis [1].

Insulin deficiency in type 1a diabetes is caused by immune-mediated destruction of beta cells and is associated with evidence of autoimmunity. A smaller group of type 1 diabetic patients exhibit no evidence of autoimmunity and the cause of insulin deficiency remains undefined. These cases are categorized as type 1b diabetes or idiopathic type 1 diabetes and are relatively more common in African and Asian populations [2]. This category is heterogeneous, may be caused by different mechanisms in different populations, and remains poorly understood at this time. This chapter focuses on autoimmune type 1a diabetes unless otherwise specified.

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  1. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Omar Ali

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  1. Division of Endocrinology, Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA

    Leonid Poretsky

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Ali, O. (2017). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations. In: Poretsky, L. (eds) Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_12

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