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Brazilian Marine Animal Forests: A New World to Discover in the Southwestern Atlantic

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Book cover Marine Animal Forests

Abstract

The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean is the final Brazilian maritime frontier. The Brazilian authorities refer to this marine area as the “Blue Amazon,” being rich in biodiversity and ecosystem services and similar in extension to the country’s rainforest. This area is possibly one of the most important benthic biodiversity hotspots in the world; however, there is a lack of scientific knowledge about its marine biodiversity. Interestingly, these benthic communities generate three-dimensional structures along the Brazilian coast, similar to the trees in the Amazon rainforest. The Brazilian marine animal forests (BRAF) in the “Blue Amazon” can be compared to their rainforest counterpart: an ecosystem with high diversity but relatively unknown. This chapter presents a review of the environmental characteristics and benthic habitats along the tropical coast of Brazil (coral reefs, intertidal sandstone reefs, benthic communities in rocky shores, continental shelf communities, oceanic islands, etc.). Furthermore, it presents synthetic information regarding the ecology and diversity of the benthic suspension feeders (sponges, scleractinian corals, octocorals, zoanthids, mollusks, ascidians, and bryozoans) in Southwestern Atlantic. Major knowledge gaps remain the baseline research on benthic communities in mesophotic and deep-sea reef ecosystems in this marine region. Finally, this chapter reviews the major anthropogenic threats (urbanization, aquaculture, invasive species, mining, climate change, and petroleum and gas exploration) and makes recommendations for further research and conservation programs.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to acknowledge the editor Dr. Sergio Rossi and the two referees (Dra. Cristina de Almeida Rocha-Barreira and Dra. Cristiane Xerez Barroso) for comments on the manuscript, which significantly improved this book chapter. The authors would like to acknowledge funding from CNPq, CAPES, FUNCAP, FACEPE, FAPESP, FAPERJ, and FABESB for the research projects. MO Soares would like to thank CNPQ (Process No. 479198/2012-8, Process 233808/2014-0; Process 400916/2016-9). LM Vieira would like to thank Álvaro Esteves Migotto and Ricardo Miranda by bryozoans photographs. RKP Kikuchi, MO Soares, and ZMAN Leão would like to thank INCT AmbTRopic (CNPq/CAPES/FABESB). TMC Lotufo is grateful to the CNPq and Rede Sisbiota Mar.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Marcelo Oliveira de Soares

  2. Instituto Oceanográfico (IO), Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Tito Monteiro Cruz da Lotufo

  3. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Leandro Manzoni Vieira

  4. Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Sula Salani & Eduardo Hajdu

  5. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Helena Matthews-Cascon

  6. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

    Zelinda M. A. N. Leão & Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi

Authors
  1. Marcelo Oliveira de Soares
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  2. Tito Monteiro Cruz da Lotufo
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  3. Leandro Manzoni Vieira
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  4. Sula Salani
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  5. Eduardo Hajdu
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  6. Helena Matthews-Cascon
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  7. Zelinda M. A. N. Leão
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  8. Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Marcelo Oliveira de Soares , Tito Monteiro Cruz da Lotufo , Leandro Manzoni Vieira , Sula Salani , Eduardo Hajdu , Helena Matthews-Cascon , Zelinda M. A. N. Leão or Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Environmental Science & Technology Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

    Sergio Rossi

  2. LECOB / Ocean Observatory CNRS / Pierre and Marie Curie University, Banyuls-sur-mer, France

    Lorenzo Bramanti

  3. Dept. Marine Biology & Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences, Barcelona, Spain

    Andrea Gori

  4. Balearic Oceanographic Centre Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Covadonga Orejas Saco del Valle

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de Soares, M.O. et al. (2016). Brazilian Marine Animal Forests: A New World to Discover in the Southwestern Atlantic. In: Rossi, S., Bramanti, L., Gori, A., Orejas Saco del Valle, C. (eds) Marine Animal Forests. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_51-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_51-2

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  1. Latest

    Brazilian Marine Animal Forests: A New World to Discover in the Southwestern Atlantic
    Published:
    11 November 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_51-2

  2. Original

    Brazilian Marine Animal Forests: A New World to Discover in the Southwestern Atlantic
    Published:
    25 August 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_51-1

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