Skip to main content

Urban Gangs

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Archer, J. (2006). The importance of theory for evaluating evidence on sex differences. American Psychologist, 61(6), 638–639.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnocky, S., Ribout, A., Mirza, R., & Knack, J. M. (2014). Perceived mate availability influences intrasexual competition, jealousy, and mate guarding behavior. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 12(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1556/JEP.12.2014.1.3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(2), 177–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benenson, J. F. (2013). The development of human female competition: Allies and adversaries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences, 368(1631), 20130079.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Benenson, J. F., Markovits, H., Hultgren, B., Nguyen, T., Bullock, G., & Wrangham, R. (2013). Social exclusion: More important to human females than males. PLoS One, 8, e55851. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055851.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 1–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. (1984). Girls talk: The social representation of aggression by female gang members. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 11(2), 139–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. (1991). The girls in the gang. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. (1999). Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women’s intrasexual aggression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(2), 203–252. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99001818.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. (2002). A mind of her own: The evolutionary psychology of women. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. (2013). The evolutionary psychology of women’s aggression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences, 368(1631), 20130078. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0078.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Laidler, K. J., & Hunt, G. (2001). Accomplishing femininity among the girls in the gang. The British Journal of Criminology, 41, 656–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molidor, C. E. (1996). Female gang members: A profile of aggression and victimization. Social Work, 41(3), 251–257.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sear, R., & Mace, R. (2008). Who keeps children alive? A review of the effects of kin on child survival. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(1), 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snydera, J. K., Fessler, D. M. T., Tiokhina, L., Frederick, D. A., Lee, S. W., & Navarrete, C. D. (2011). Trade-offs in a dangerous world: Women’s fear of crime predicts preferences for aggressive and formidable mates. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.08.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trivers, R. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. B. Campbell (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136–179). Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaillancourt, T. (2013). Do human females use indirect aggression as an intrasexual competition strategy? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences, 368(1631), 20130080. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0080.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brenna R. Coleman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Cite this entry

Coleman, B.R., McDonald, M.M. (2018). Urban Gangs. In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_886-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_886-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16999-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16999-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics