Definition
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) together with Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) are the two major technologies applied in modern Assisted Reproduction Technology (ART)
Introduction
In 1978, the world’s first “test-tube baby” was born in England (Steptoe and Edwards 1978). Her name was Louise Brown, and she was the first human born after fertilization of an oocyte by a sperm in a laboratory instead of inside the female body. Such in vitro fertilization (IVF) was at first developed primarily for treating infertility in female patients with obliterated fallopian tubes or other pathologies. Following this initial breakthrough, IVF was accompanied by other technological advances that together constitute modern assisted reproductive technologies (ART). One of these technologies is intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). ICSI is primarily used in couples where infertility arises due to a low sperm cell count in the ejaculate. The ICSI operator holds the oocyte in a...
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References
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Hanevik, H.I. (2019). Modern Technology (E.G., IVF). In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_757-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_757-1
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