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Abbreviations
- Anthropology:
-
The study of humans and their societies in the past and present.
- Anthropometry:
-
The study of measurements and proportions of the human body.
- Apperception:
-
The perception of a new experience in relation to a past experience.
- Archaeology:
-
The study of past human activity and populations through material remains.
- Cross-sectional data:
-
Data collected by observing many subjects at the same point in time for a single observation per subject.
- Diffusion:
-
The spread of an idea or item from one culture to another through interaction.
- Ethnocentrism:
-
The belief that one’s own culture is more valuable or superior to another.
- Ethnography:
-
The study of a single group through direct contact with the culture.
- Ethnology:
-
A branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the characteristics (e.g., origins, languages, customs, traditions) of different groups and the relationships between them.
- Folklore:
-
Traditional art, literature, knowledge, and practices that are passed on largely through oral communication and example.
- Habilitation:
-
A postdoctoral qualification that requires a thesis written at a professorial level based on completely independent research.
- Independent innovation:
-
When a culture forms an idea without any influence from another culture.
- Linguistics:
-
The scientific study of language: form, meaning, and context of languages.
- Longitudinal study:
-
A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables in the same subjects over long periods of time.
- Migration:
-
The movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling in the new location might be temporary or permanent.
- Mythology:
-
The collection of stories that a group of people tell to explain nature, history, and customs.
- Phonemes:
-
Units of sound in a language.
- Phonetics:
-
The study of the sounds of human speech, their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysical status.
- Physical anthropology:
-
The branch of anthropology concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of humans, their living relatives, and their extinct ancestors.
- Psychophysics:
-
A field that examines how organisms perceive their environment through their senses.
- Salvage ethnography:
-
The recording of practices and folklore of cultures threatened with extinction as a result of modernization, assimilation, or acculturation.
- Stratigraphy:
-
A branch of geology that studies rock layers (strata) and layering in order to lend context and place artifacts in sequence.
- Teleology:
-
Implies a purpose, directive principle, or goal; in this case, all stages are moving toward the goal of civilization.
References
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Sukhdeo, S. (2016). Franz Boas. In: Weekes-Shackelford, V., Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_519-1
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