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Polysaccharides pp 891–925Cite as

Dietary Fiber and Prebiotics

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Abstract

Dietary fiber and prebiotics exert a great impact on health-promoting food for mankind. Under this aspect a general overview is given about the bioavailability of carbohydrates and their influence on dietary fiber intake and about the developing of the prebiotic concept and specific functional foods. Moreover, the occurrence and chemical composition of native dietary fiber such as resistant starch, pectin, hemicelluloses, ß-glucan, and fructan in context to their properties – in particular the prebiotic potential for human health – will be discussed. Important industrially produced bioactive carbohydrates from plant and seaweed sources with high prebiotic efficacy and increasing economic interest such as fructan – particularly inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), heteropolysaccharides, xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) – will be presented. Additionally enzymatic processing of prebiotic-active oligosaccharides such as FOS, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), or nondigestible disaccharides such as isomaltulose and trehalulose derived from sucrose and lactose will be demonstrated and discussed.

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Abbreviations

AACC:

American Association of Cereal Chemists

AGO:

Agarooligosaccharides

AOAC:

Association of Official Analytical Chemists

dp:

Degree of polymerization

FF:

Functional food

FNB:

Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences

FOS:

Fructooligosaccharides

FUFOSE:

Functional Food Science in Europe

GOS:

Galactooligosaccharides

IOS:

Inulooligosaccharides

IMO:

Isomaltooligosaccharides

JNK:

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

NDO:

Nondigestible oligosaccharides

NSAIDs:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NSO:

Non-starch oligosaccharides

NSP:

Non-starch polysaccharides

OF:

Oligofructose

RS:

Resistant starch

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acids

TCM:

Traditional Chinese medicine

UCC:

Unavailable complex carbohydrates

WHO:

World Health Organization

XOS:

Xylooligosaccharides

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Werner Praznik, Renate Loeppert, Helmut Viernstein & Frank M. Unger

  2. Department of Nutritional Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZAII, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Alexander G. Haslberger

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  1. Werner Praznik
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  2. Renate Loeppert
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  3. Helmut Viernstein
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  4. Alexander G. Haslberger
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  5. Frank M. Unger
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Correspondence to Werner Praznik or Frank M. Unger .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, M.L.Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Groupe d’Etude des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Praznik, W., Loeppert, R., Viernstein, H., Haslberger, A.G., Unger, F.M. (2015). Dietary Fiber and Prebiotics. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Polysaccharides. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_54

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