Skip to main content

Couple

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy
  • 118 Accesses

Name of Family Form

Couples

Synonyms

Marriage; Partnered; Romantic relationship

Introduction

Couples are defined as two or more individuals engaged in a romantic and/or sexual relationship. Couples may live together, live apart, marry, divorce, and raise children together. Generally, couples share life’s many transitions and developmental stages together. Some couples stay together for many years and others stay together for only a brief period of their lives. Couple relationships shift with cultural norms as the acceptance of divorce, gay and lesbian adoption of children, premarital cohabitation and sexual relations, nonmarital childbearing, and same-sex sexual relationships increases over the past 15 years (Daugherty and Copen 2016). The following description and related research will detail coupling and couple relationship as seen in the USA including US-born and immigrant couples, interracial couples, same-sex couples, and significant issues facing couples.

Description

Coupling in...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acker, M., & Davis, M. H. (1992). Intimacy, passion, and commitment in adult romantic relationships: A test of the triangular theory of love. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9, 21–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Black, M. C., Basile, K. C., Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Walters, M. L., Merrick, M. T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M. R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Atlanta: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Britt, S. L., & Huston, S. J. (2012). The role of money arguments in marriage. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 33(4), 464–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Center for Disease Control. (2015). National marriage and divorce rates. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/national_marriage_divorce_rates_00-15.pdf

  • Conley, T., Moors, A., Matsick, J., & Ziegler. (2013). The fewer the merrier?: Assessing stigma surrounding consensually non-monogamous romantic relationships. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13(1), 1–30. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2012.01286.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Copen, C. E., Daniels, K., Vespa, J., & Mosher, W. D. (2012). First marriages in the United States: data from the 2006–2010 national survey of family growth. National Health Statistics Reports, 49(1), 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2002). Effects of marital conflict on children: Recent advances and emerging themes in process-oriented research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(1), 31–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daugherty, J., & Copen, C. (2016). Trends in attitudes about marriage, childbearing, and sexual behavior: United States, 2002, 2006–2010, and 2011–2013. National Health Statistics Reports, 92, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyar, C., Feinstein, B. A., & London, B. (2014). Dimensions of sexual identity and minority stress among bisexual women: The role of partner gender. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(4), 441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R., Gee, G., & Looney, A. (2016). Joint Filing by same-sex couples after winds or: Characteristics of married tax filers in 2013 and 2014. Retrieved from https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/tax-analysis/Documents/WP-108.pdf

  • Florian, V., Mikulincer, M., & Hirschberger, G. (2002). The anxiety-buffering function of close relationships: evidence that relationship commitment acts as a terror management mechanism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(4), 527.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gates, G. J. (2013). LGBT Parenting in the United States. Retrieved from http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/LGBT-Parenting.pdf.

  • Goldberg, A. E., Allen, K. R., Ellawala, T., & Ross, L. E. (2017). Male-partnered bisexual women’s perceptions of disclosing sexual orientation to family across the transition to parenthood: Intensifying heteronormativity or queering family?. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. doi:10.1111/jmft.12242

  • Gottman, J. M. (2011). The science of trust: Emotional attunement for couples. New York, NY: WW Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, J. (2001). Marital therapy for intercultural couples. In W.-S. Tseng & J. Streltzer (Eds.), Culture and psychotherapy a guide to clinical practice (pp. 225–242). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, P. C., & Dickson, F. C. (2005). Communication, marital satisfaction, and religious orientation in interfaith marriages. Journal of Family Communication, 5(1), 25. doi:10.1207/s15327698jfc0501_2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S. (2013). Love sense: The revolutionary new science of romantic relationships. New York, NY: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. P., & Leone, J. M. (2005). The differential effects of intimate terrorism and situational couple violence: Findings from the National Violence against Women Survey. Journal of Family Issues, 26(3), 322–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson-Martin, C., & Mahoney, A. R. (2009). Couples, gender, and power: Creating change in intimate relationships. New York: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laumann, E. O., Paik, A., & Rosen, R. C. (1999). Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors. JAMA, 281(6), 537–544.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molina, Y., Marquez, J. H., Logan, D. E., Leeson, C. J., Balsam, K. F., & Kaysen, D. L. (2015). Current intimate relationship status, depression, and alcohol use among bisexual women: The mediating roles of bisexual-specific minority stressors. Sex Roles, 73(1–2), 43–57.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Napier, A. Y., & Whitaker, C. A. (1978). The family crucible. New York, NY: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnarch, D. (1997). Passionate marriage: Keeping love & intimacy alive in committed relationships. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. (1986). A triangular theory of love. Psychological Review, 93, 119–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stith, S. M., Green, N. M., Smith, D. B., & Ward, D. B. (2010). Marital satisfaction as a risk marker for intimate partner physical violence: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Family Violence, 23(3), 149–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tien, N. C., Softas-Nall, L., & Barritt, J. (2017). Intercultural/multilingual couples. Family Journal, 25(2), 156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census (2016). The majority of children live with two parents, Census Bureau Reports. Retrieved from: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2016/cb16-192.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katie M. Heiden-Rootes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Cite this entry

Heiden-Rootes, K.M., Meyer, D., McDaniel, K., Wilson, L. (2017). Couple. In: Lebow, J., Chambers, A., Breunlin, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_583-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_583-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15877-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15877-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics