Abstract
Shoes are an outer covering for the foot, consisting of a more or less stiff sole and a lighter upper that does not extend above the ankle. Shoes have been worn throughout history to protect the feet from physical trauma and environmental extremes with the oldest known footwear being well-preserved leather shoes dating from around 3500 BC. While protection is the primary purpose of shoes, fashion and style considerations also influence shoe design with functional consequences on the foot and lower limb often neglected or of secondary consideration in shoe design and the purchase of shoes. All shoes have the function to protect against physical trauma. For normal daily footwear that is mainly against wounds while sport shoes have to protect not only the feet but also the joint and musculoskeletal tissue against injuries (acute and overuse injuries). In addition, in specific sports, they are also designed to improve performance (e.g., lightweight spikes). Besides protection, a lot of research has focused on two main functions of the shoe: shock attenuation and rearfoot pronation due to the assumed interaction with the development of musculoskeletal injuries. This chapter will discuss these functions in a broader framework, looking at the function of shoes in relation to loading, foot movement, and performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Bergmann G, Kniggendorf H, Graichen F, Rohlmann A (1995) Influence of shoes and heel strike on the hip joint. J Biomech 28(7):817–827
Burns J, Crosbie J, Hunt A, Ouvrier R (2005) The effect of pes cavus on foot pain and plantar pressure. Clin Biomech 20:877–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.03.006
Cheung RTH, Wong MYM, Ng GYF, Cheung RTH, Wong MYM, Ng GYF (2011) Effects of motion control footwear on running: a systematic review. J Sports Sci 29(12):1311–1219. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.591420
Davis I, Milner CE, Hamill J (2004) Does increased loading during running lead to tibial stress fractures? A propective study. Med Sci Sport Exerc 36:S58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-00271
Fong Yan A, Sinclair PJ, Hiller C et al (2013) Impact attenuation during weight bearing activities in barefoot vs. shod conditions: a systematic review. Gait Posture 38:175–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.11.017
Fredericks W, Swank S, Teisberg M, Hampton B, Ridpath L, Hanna JB (2015) Lower extremity biomechanical relationships with different speeds in traditional, minimalist, and barefoot footwear. J Sports Sci Med 14:276–283, October 2014.
McLean SG, Oh YK, Palmer ML et al (2011) The relationship between anterior tibial acceleration, tibial slope, and ACL strain during a simulated jump landing task. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93:1310–1317. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00259
Milner CE, Ferber R, Pollard CD et al (2006) Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:323–328. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000183477.75808.92
Novacheck TF (1998) The biomechanics of running. Gait Posture 7:77–95
Pohl MB, Mullineaux DR, Milner CE et al (2008) Biomechanical predictors of retrospective tibial stress fractures in runners. J Biomech 41:1160–1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.02.001
Shakoor N, Block JA (2006) Walking barefoot decreases loading on the lower extremity joints in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 54(9):2923–2927. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22123
Shakoor N, Lidtke RH, Sengupta M, Fogg LF, Block JA (2008) Effects of specialized footwear on joint loads in osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Care Res 59(9):1214–1220. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24017
Wegener C, Greene A, Burns J, Hunt AE, Vanwanseele B, Smith RM (2015) Human movement science in-shoe multi-segment foot kinematics of children during the propulsive phase of walking and running. Hum Mov Sci 39:200–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.11.002
Vanwanseele B, Stuelcken M, Greene A, Smith R (2014) The effect of external ankle support on knee and ankle joint movement and loading in netball players. J Sci Med Sport 17(5):511–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.07.009
Zifchock RA, Davis I, Higginson J et al (2008) Side-to-side differences in overuse running injury susceptibility: a retrospective study. Hum Mov Sci 27:888–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2008.03.007
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Vanwanseele, B. (2018). Functional Effects of Shoes. In: Handbook of Human Motion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_79
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_79
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14417-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-14418-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering