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Ski Jumping: Aerodynamics and Kinematics of Take-Off and Flight

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Handbook of Human Motion

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Abstract

Ski jumping performance involves ballistic and aerodynamic factors, which primarily determine the requirements of the discipline. Ski jumper’s velocity and position of the body center of mass at the release instant from the take-off table quantify the ballistic flight trajectory and the length of the jump. Aerodynamic factors cover all aspects of gliding properties of the jumper/skis system (aerodynamic forces) where the equipment has a big role as well. Ski jumping performance is often divided into four different phases: inrun, take-off, flight, and landing. Take-off and its subsequent transition into flight phase are considered the most important phases as they determine the initial conditions and jumper’s final position during the flight. Both ballistic and aerodynamic factors involved in different phases of jump will be discussed in this chapter which consists of, not all, but selected well-known studies and unpublished results. The chapter tries to create a clear view about the technical requirements of ski jumping performance.

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Acknowledgments

The author acknowledges Mr. Juha Kivekäs (Arteform Ltd.) for his expertise in aerodynamics and the computer simulations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology of Physical Activity, The Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland

    Mikko Virmavirta

Authors
  1. Mikko Virmavirta
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Correspondence to Mikko Virmavirta .

Section Editor information

  1. Institut for Biomechanics und Orthopedic, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Gert-Peter Brüggemann

  2. Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

    Zhigang Deng

  3. McIntosh Consultancy and Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Andrew S. McIntosh

  4. Wilmington, Delaware, USA

    Freeman Miller

  5. C-Motion Inc., Germantown, USA

    W. Scott Selbie

  6. Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany

    Gert-Peter Brüggemann

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Virmavirta, M. (2018). Ski Jumping: Aerodynamics and Kinematics of Take-Off and Flight. In: Handbook of Human Motion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_131

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