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Molecular Physics and Gas-Phase Chemistry with Free-Electron Lasers

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Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers

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Abstract

Free-electron lasers provide ultrashort (\(\sim\) 10 fs) and extremely intense (\(\sim\) 1012 photons/pulse) light pulses over a wavelength regime that spans from soft (10 eV) to hard X-ray energies (15 keV). It is in particular the unrivaled combination of high intensities and short pulse lengths that enables unique, hitherto only partly explored possibilities for molecular physics and photochemistry. Recently performed or anticipated FEL experiments cover widespread topics in this exciting research field: photon-induced reactions in molecular ions relevant for planetary science have been studied, XUV or X-ray pump–probe experiments allow one to trace chemical reactions with atomic spatial and temporal resolution, the dynamical evolution of highly excited molecular states can be monitored on relevant time scales, inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy has been demonstrated to offer utmost sensitivity for chemical analysis, first diffractive scattering experiments hold the promise to achieve imaging of single molecules in the gas phase, and the very successful concepts applied in femtochemistry with optical and UV laser will certainly be carried over to XUV and X-ray energies in the very near future. Here, an introduction into physical concepts and emerging technologies as well as an overview about recent results is provided.

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Abbreviations

AMO:

Atomic, molecular, and optical

CAMP:

CFEL ASG Multi-Purpose

CCD:

Charge coupled device

COB:

Classical over-the-barrier model

EOS:

Electro-optical sampling

European XFEL:

X-ray free-electron laser at Hamburg

FEL:

Free-electron laser

FERMI:

Free-electron laser at Elettra

FLASH:

Free-electron laser at Hamburg

ICD:

Interatomic Coulombic decay

IR:

Infrared

KER:

Kinetic energy release

LAMP:

LCLS-ASG-Michigan – Project

LCLS:

Linac Coherent Light Source

MCP:

Micro-channel plate

PCM:

Partial coherence model

pnCCD:

pn-Junction charge coupled device

REMI:

Reaction microscope

SACLA:

Spring-8 angstrom compact free-electron laser

SASE:

Self-amplified spontaneous emission

SCSS:

Spring-8 compact SASE source

SwissFEL:

Free-electron laser at Villigen

TIFF:

Trapped ion fragmentation facility

UV:

Ultraviolet

VMI:

Velocity map imaging

XUV:

Extended ultraviolet

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany

    Robert Moshammer & Kirsten Schnorr

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  1. Robert Moshammer
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  2. Kirsten Schnorr
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Correspondence to Robert Moshammer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, BESSY II, Berlin, Germany

    Eberhard J. Jaeschke

  2. Zentrum für Synchrotronstrahlung (DELTA), Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Shaukat Khan

  3. Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Hamburg, Germany

    Jochen R. Schneider

  4. LINAC Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA

    Jerome B. Hastings

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Moshammer, R., Schnorr, K. (2016). Molecular Physics and Gas-Phase Chemistry with Free-Electron Lasers. In: Jaeschke, E., Khan, S., Schneider, J., Hastings, J. (eds) Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14394-1_26

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