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Metabolic Syndrome pp 709–722Cite as

Obesity, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Dementia

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Abstract

Evidence is accumulating which suggests that the current obesity epidemic may precede a second epidemic of accelerated cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Obesity and the consumption of obesogenic “Western”-style diets (high in saturated fats and processed sugars) promote a variety of metabolic derangements that can have adverse effects on the brain and, subsequently, cognition. Here, we review evidence which suggests that obesity and the other components of the metabolic syndrome (i.e., hypertension, gluco-dysregulation, and dyslipidemia) promote cognitive decline and increase one’s risk of developing dementia and AD. We also review recent insights regarding the role of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation as a mediator of these relationships. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of living in a society that promotes cognitive impairment, highlighting two particularly concerning possibilities: (1) that Western diet-induced cognitive impairments may, themselves, be as a risk factor for future obesity and (2) that obesity in childhood may be a risk factor for dementia in adulthood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Childhood Obesity Research Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA

    Ashley A. Martin

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  1. Ashley A. Martin
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Correspondence to Ashley A. Martin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Rexford S. Ahima

  2. Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Rexford S. Ahima

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Martin, A.A. (2016). Obesity, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Dementia. In: Ahima, R.S. (eds) Metabolic Syndrome. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11251-0_41

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11251-0_41

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11250-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11251-0

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