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Metabolic Syndrome pp 555–575Cite as

Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism

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Abstract

The circadian system relies on a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), synchronizing a multitude of brain and peripheral oscillators that set physiological and metabolic functions in phase with the light–dark cycle. The SCN functions as a relay integrating environmental signals before sending appropriate neuronal and hormonal cues to the brain and peripheral tissues to control, among others, sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycles. Many evidences show that metabolism and circadian system are tightly interconnected. Peripheral oscillators, such as the liver and adipose tissue, can be shifted by mealtime. By contrast, feeding signals do not affect the master clock under light–dark conditions, although nutritional cues affect its functioning under metabolic challenges, such as calorie restriction and high-fat diet. Circadian desynchronization, such as shift work and chronic jet lag, is now recognized as a determinant of metabolic disturbances. Therefore, chronotherapeutic approaches of daily dieting to avoid circadian misalignment are advisable for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Edith Grosbellet & Etienne Challet

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  1. Edith Grosbellet
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  2. Etienne Challet
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Correspondence to Etienne Challet .

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  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Rexford S. Ahima

  2. Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Rexford S. Ahima

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Grosbellet, E., Challet, E. (2016). Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism. In: Ahima, R.S. (eds) Metabolic Syndrome. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11251-0_32

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