Abstract
Electrochemically etched porous silicon can exhibit pronounced optical anisotropy even though bulk silicon is basically optically isotropic. The origin of this effect, the most significant parameters, and potential applications in sensing and micro-optic devices are reviewed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Álvarez J et al (2011) Birefringent porous silicon membranes for optical sensing. Opt Express 19(27):26106–26116
Alvarez J et al (2012) Phase-sensitive detection for optical sensing with porous silicon. Photon J IEEE 4(3):986–995
Beom-hoan O et al (2003) Vapor sensor realized in an ultracompact polarization interferometer built of a freestanding porous-silicon form birefringent film. Photon Technol Lett IEEE 15(6):834–836
Bonder Y, Wang C (2005) Ab initio study of birefringent porous silicon. Phys Stat Sol (a) 202(8):1552–1556
Bonder Y, Wang C (2006) A first-principles model of birefringent porous silicon. J Appl Phys 100(4):044319-5
Diener J et al (2001) Dichroic Bragg reflectors based on birefringent porous silicon. Appl Phys Lett 78(24):3887–3889
Diener J et al (2002) Dichroic behavior of multilayer structures based on anisotropically nanostructured silicon. J Appl Phys 91(10):6704–6709
Diener J et al (2003) Fine tuning of the dichroic behavior of Bragg reflectors based on anisotropically nanostructured silicon. Phys Stat Sol (a) 197(2):582–585
Diener J et al (2004) Planar silicon-based light polarizers. Opt Lett 29(2):195–197
Diener J et al (2007) The birefringence level of anisotropically nanostructured silicon. Phys Stat Sol (c) 4(6):1996–2000
Efimova AI et al (2007a) Effect of form anisotropy of silicon nanocrystals on birefringence and dichroism in porous silicon. Phys Stat Sol (c) 4(6):1991–1995
Efimova AI et al (2007b) Birefringence and anisotropic optical absorption in porous silicon. J Exp Theor Phys 105(3):599–609
Ghulinyan M et al (2003) Free-standing porous silicon single and multiple optical cavities. J Appl Phys 93(12):9724–9729
Golovan LA et al (2006) Form birefringence of oxidized porous silicon. Appl Phys Lett 88(24):241113-3
Golovan’ LA, Kashkarov PK, Timoshenko VY (2007) Form birefringence in porous semiconductors and dielectrics: a review. Crystallogr Rep 52(4):672–685
Gross E et al (2001) Highly sensitive recognition element based on birefringent porous silicon layers. J Appl Phys 90(7):3529–3532
Ishikura N et al (2008) Dichroic rugate filters based on birefringent porous silicon. Opt Express 16(20):15531–15539
Kochergin V, Christophersen M, Föll H (2004) Effective medium approach for calculations of optical anisotropy in porous materials. Appl Phys B 79(6):731–739
Kochergin V, Christophersen M, Föll H (2005) Surface plasmon enhancement of an optical anisotropy in porous silicon/metal composite. Appl Phys B 80(1):81–87
Kovalev D et al (1995) Porous Si anisotropy from photoluminescence polarization. Appl Phys Lett 67(11):1585–1587
Kovalev D et al (2000) Anisotropically nanostructured silicon as an efficient optical retarder. Phys Stat Sol (a) 180(2):r8–r11
Kovalev D et al (2001) Strong in-plane birefringence of spatially nanostructured silicon. Appl Phys Lett 78(7):916–918
Koyama H (2004) In-plane refractive-index anisotropy in porous silicon layers induced by polarized illumination during electrochemical etching. J Appl Phys 96(7):3716–3720
Künzner N et al (2001) Giant birefringence in anisotropically nanostructured silicon. Opt Lett 26(16):1265–1267
Künzner N et al (2003) Capillary condensation monitored in birefringent porous silicon layers. J Appl Phys 94(8):4913–4917
Künzner N et al (2005) Form birefringence of anisotropically nanostructured silicon. Phys Rev B 71(19):195304
Kuznetsova LP et al (2002) Study of birefringence in porous silicon layers by IR Fourier spectroscopy. Phys Sol Stat 44(5):811–815
Liu R et al (2002) Novel porous silicon vapor sensor based on polarization interferometry. Sens Actuators B 87(1):58–62
Mihalcescu I, Lerondel G, Romestain R (1997) Porous silicon anisotropy investigated by guided light. Thin Solid Films 297(1–2):245–249
Nishida K et al (2010) Temperature dependence of optical anisotropy of birefringent porous silicon. Appl Phys Lett 96(24):243102–243103
Oton CJ et al (2003) Scattering rings as a tool for birefringence measurements in porous silicon. J Appl Phys 94(10):6334–6340
Ruda HE, Shik A (2011) Optical properties of anisotropic porous semiconductors. Appl Phys Lett 99(21):213111
Saarinen JJ et al (2008) Reflectance analysis of a multilayer one-dimensional porous silicon structure: theory and experiment. J Appl Phys 104(1):013103–013107
Sarbey OG et al (2000) Birefringence of porous silicon. Phys Sol Stat 42(7):1240–1241
Shichi S, Fujii M, Hayashi S (2011) Ultraviolet true zero-order wave plate made of birefringent porous silica. Opt Lett 36(19):3951–3953
Shichi S et al (2012) Three-dimensional structure of (110) porous silicon with in-plane optical birefringence. J Appl Phys 111(8):084303–084306
Shichi S et al (2013) Porous silica true zero-order wave plate in the deep ultraviolet range. Opt Commun 287:137–139
Soboleva IV et al (2005) Second- and third-harmonic generation in birefringent photonic crystals and microcavities based on anisotropic porous silicon. Appl Phys Lett 87(24):241110–241113
Timoshenko VY et al (2003) Anisotropy of optical absorption in birefringent porous silicon. Phys Rev B 67(11):113405
Zabotnov SV et al (2005) Modification of cubic susceptibility tensor in birefringent porous silicon. Phys Stat Sol (a) 202(8):1673–1677
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Fujii, M., Diener, J. (2014). Optical Birefringence of Porous Silicon. In: Canham, L. (eds) Handbook of Porous Silicon. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05744-6_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05744-6_26
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-05743-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-05744-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics