The interaction of Earth life with lunar soils became a topic of great interest during the exploration of the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s and, as a result, spurred the creation of a variety of government-sponsored research and technology development efforts that focused on understanding the toxicity of lunar dust. Since then, our understanding of lunar dust toxicity has evolved significantly and has arisen from numerous advancements credited to both the NASA and Soviet Union space programs.
Years before astronauts were first exposed to lunar dust during the Apollo era, biological concerns about lunar materials prompted NASA to develop the extensive lunar quarantine program (LQP) (Kemmerer Jr et al. 1969), which was an infrastructure of technology, operational controls, and protocols designed to ensure that Earth and its ecology would be protected from any possible hazard associated with the return of lunar material. Designed to protect the public’s health, agriculture, other living...
References
Benschoter C et al (1970) Apollo 11: exposure of lower animals to lunar material. Science 169:470–472
Holland JM, Simmonds RC (1973) The mammalian response to lunar particulates. Space Life Sci 4:97–109
James JT, Lam CW, Santana PA, Scully RR (2013) Estimate of safe human exposure levels for lunar dust based on comparative benchmark dose modeling. Inhal Toxicol 25:243–256. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2013.777821
Johnston RS, Mason JA, Wooley BC, McCollum GW, Mieszkuc BJ (1975) The lunar quarantine program. In: Biomedical results of Apollo, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. vol 368. p 407
Jones L, Jacques S, Tranfield E, Rask J, Kerschmann R, Loftus D (2008) Skin abrasion effects of lunar dust relevant to astronauts. In: Lunar and planetary science conference, p 2541
Kemmerer Jr W, Mason J, Wooley B (1969) Physical, chemical, and biological activities at the lunar receiving laboratory. Bioscience 19:712–715
Kustov V, Belkin V, Kruglikov G (1988) Biological effects of lunar soil. Probl Kosm Biol 61:1–103
Lam CW et al (2013) Toxicity of lunar dust assessed in inhalation-exposed rats. Inhal Toxicol 25:661–678. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2013.833660
Loftus D, Rask J, McCrossin C, Tranfield E (2010) The chemical reactivity of lunar dust: from toxicity to astrobiology. Earth Moon Planet 107:95–105
McKay D et al (2015) Physicochemical properties of respirable-size lunar dust. Acta Astronaut 107:163–176
Meyers VE, Garcìa HD, Monds K, Cooper BL, James JT (2012) Ocular toxicity of authentic lunar dust. BMC Ophthalmol 12:26
Oyama VI, Merek EL, Silverman MP (1970) A search for viable organisms in a Lunar sample. Science 167:773–775. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.167.3918.773
Rask J, Tranfield E, McCrossin C, Loftus D (2009) LunaChem: an instrument to enable sustained human lunar exploration. In: Annual meeting of the lunar exploration analysis group, p 57
Rask J et al (2013) The chemical reactivity of lunar dust influences its biological effect in the lungs. In: Lunar and planetary science conference, p 3062
Scully RR, Lam CW, James JT (2013) Estimating safe human exposure levels for lunar dust using benchmark dose modeling of data from inhalation studies in rats. Inhal Toxicol 25:785–793. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2013.849315
Silverman MP, Munoz EF, Oyama VI (1971) Physical sciences: effect of Apollo 11 lunar samples on terrestrial microorganisms. Nature 230:169–170
Vinogradov A (1974) Translation of the book, Lunnyy grunt iz Morya Izobiliya [Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility], From NASA Technical Translation F-15, Nauka Press, Moscow, 881
Walkinshaw CH, Sweet H, Venketeswaran S, Horne W (1970) Results of Apollo 11 and 12 quarantine studies on plants. Bioscience 20:1297–1302
Wallace WT, Taylor LA, Liu Y, Cooper BL, McKay DS, Chen B, Jeevarajan AS (2009) Lunar dust and lunar simulant activation and monitoring. Meteorit Planet Sci 44:961–970
Wallace WT, Phillips CJ, Jeevarajan AS, Chen B, Taylor LA (2010) Nanophase iron-enhanced chemical reactivity of ground lunar soil. Earth Planet Sci Lett 295:571–577
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Rask, J. (2018). Lunar Dust Toxicity. In: Cudnik, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Lunar Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05546-6_123-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05546-6_123-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-05546-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-05546-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics