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Viral Infections After Intestinal Transplantation

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Contemporary Pancreas and Small Bowel Transplantation

Part of the book series: Organ and Tissue Transplantation ((OTT))

  • 367 Accesses

Abstract

Intestinal transplantation is a life-saving alternative for patients with intestinal failure, slow growing tumors, or other varied disorders. The complexity of the transplant, along with the use of intense immunosuppression to prevent rejection, and a unique microbiome interaction within the allograft, places these patients at high risk for common as well as opportunistic infections. Viral infections pose a significant challenge for intestinal transplant recipients. Common respiratory infections including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, or parainfluenza can cause significant morbidity and may last for longer time compared to immunocompetent hosts. Both cytomegalovirus and adenovirus may cause a systemic disease along with viral enteritis. Epstein-Barr virus-related posttransplant lymphoprolipherative disorder may be present along the intestine, alternating areas of normal mucosa or rejection. Enteric viruses usually cause protracted diarrhea and may be hard to differentiate from episodes of rejection. Moreover, intestinal transplant recipients may eliminate (shed) these viruses for several weeks to months. Management of these infections is usually challenging due to the lower age of the recipients. A reduction of immunosuppression and a high index of suspicion is necessary to balance management of infections and graft function. Treatment is usually extrapolated from other transplants, but the drug armamentarium remains limited.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Transplant Infectious Diseases Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Diana F. Florescu & Uriel Sandkovsky

  2. Transplant Surgery Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Diana F. Florescu

Authors
  1. Diana F. Florescu
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  2. Uriel Sandkovsky
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Correspondence to Diana F. Florescu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Ashesh Piyush Shah

  2. Capital Health Cancer Center, Pennington, NJ, USA

    Cataldo Doria

  3. Porter Adventist Hosptial, Denver, CO, USA

    James W. Lim

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Florescu, D.F., Sandkovsky, U. (2019). Viral Infections After Intestinal Transplantation. In: Shah, A., Doria, C., Lim, J. (eds) Contemporary Pancreas and Small Bowel Transplantation . Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05257-1_11

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