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Interaction of Intense X-Ray Beams with Atoms

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Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers

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Abstract

Generally, the probability that a given atom in a material absorbs an X-ray photon in a single X-ray pulse is much less than unity for storage-ring-based X-ray sources, even for third-generation synchrotron radiation sources. This situation has changed dramatically with the arrival of X-ray free-electron lasers: In the micro-focus of an X-ray free-electron laser, saturation of X-ray photoabsorption is routinely achieved. The immediate consequence is that the overall behavior of matter under such extreme conditions is characterized by efficient multiphoton absorption via a sequence of single-photon absorption events combined with inner-shell decay cascades and collisional ionization processes. In this way, unusual, highly excited states of matter are formed. Focusing on free atoms, this article provides a theoretical framework for the description of X-ray–matter interactions. The nature of X-ray multiphoton physics is explained, and the theory is compared with experimental data on atoms.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the people who have been collaborating with us on the topics discussed in this article. Particularly, our thanks go to Nora Berrah, Philip Bucksbaum, Louis DiMauro, Gilles Doumy, Robert Dunford, Elliot Kanter, Bertold Krässig, Nina Rohringer, Daniel Rolles, Artem Rudenko, Sang-Kil Son, Stephen Southworth, Kiyoshi Ueda, and Joachim Ullrich.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany

    Robin Santra

  2. Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Robin Santra

  3. X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA

    Linda Young

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  1. Robin Santra
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  2. Linda Young
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Correspondence to Robin Santra .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Eberhard Jaeschke

  2. Zentrum fĂĽr Synchrotronstrahlung, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Shaukat Khan

  3. FS-CFEL-1, DESY, Hamburg, Germany

    Jochen R. Schneider

  4. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA

    Jerome B. Hastings

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Santra, R., Young, L. (2015). Interaction of Intense X-Ray Beams with Atoms. In: Jaeschke, E., Khan, S., Schneider, J., Hastings, J. (eds) Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_25-1

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