Table 1 Differentiating ARDS from cardiogenic pulmonary edema and pneumonia
| Â | ARDS | Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | Pneumonia |
|---|---|---|---|
Review of systems | |||
Dyspnea | + | + | + |
Pleurisy | +/− | − | + |
Sputum production | +/− | − | + |
Physical examination findings | |||
Tachypnea | + | + | + |
Hypoxemia | + | + | + |
Fever | +/− | − | + |
Jugular venous distension | − | + | − |
S3 or S4 gallop | − | + | − |
Pulmonary rales | + | + | + |
Peripheral edema | − | + | − |
Diagnostic testing | |||
Bilateral infiltrates on CXR | + | +/− | +/− |
Focal infiltrate on CXR | − | − | + |
Cardiomegaly on CXR | − | + | − |
Elevated BNPa | − | + | − |
Pao2/FIo2 ratio ≤ 200 mmHg | + | − | − |
Response to therapy | |||
Antibiotic therapy | − | − | + |
Diuretic therapy | − | + | − |
Supplemental oxygen | − | + | + |