Skip to main content

Manuel II Palaeologus

Born: Constantinople, 27 June 1350

Died: Constantinople, 21 July 1425

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy
  • 132 Accesses

Abstract

Manuel II Palaeologus was one of the most learned and distinguished emperors of Byzantium. An enlightened statesman and a skilled diplomat Manuel reigned in a critical period for the Empire (1391–1425), when its unity and survival was threatened by internal divisions and external menaces. His cautious policy towards the union of the Churches was dictated by the political realities and his own experiences. Under constant pressure, Manuel found solace in his studies. Surrounded by a circle of scholars and theologians, time and official duties permitting, he pursued his interests in literature and theology. A humane ruler and a thinker, in the eyes of his contemporary Manuel embodied the ideal of the Platonic philosopher-king.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

Primary Literature

  • Manuel II Palaeologus’ works (in alphabetical order)

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbreviations: PG 156 = Jacques-Paul Migne ed., Patrologia cursus completus: series graeco-latina, vol. 156 J.P. Migne, Imprimerie Catholique (Paris, 1886); Legrand, Lettres = Emile Legrand, Lettres de l’empereur Manuel Paléologue (Paris, J. Maisonneuve, 1893); Löwenclau, Praecepta = Johannes Löwenklau (=Leunclavius), Praecepta educationis regiae (Basle, Ex officina Petri Petrae, 1578)

    Google Scholar 

  • Admonitions leading to conciseness in expression and tranquility in one’s thought, Cod. Vat. Barb. gr. 219, f. 90v.11-18; an edition is under preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canon deprecatorius, ed. Legrand, Lettres, pp. 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapters of compunction, or Prayer before Holy Communion, ed. Löwenclau, Praecepta, pp. 438–442; PG 156.575A-576D; see Sebastián Cirac Estopañán, ‘La Eucaristía y la paz del alma en una poesía del emperador Manuel II Paleólogo’, XXXV Congreso eucarístico internacional. Sesiones de estudio, II (Barcelona, 1952), pp. 713–726.

    Google Scholar 

  • Confession addressed to his spiritual father on the occasion of his own recovery from a serious illness, Codd. Crypten. 161 (Z.δ.I.), ff. 12-65v, 75-81v; Paris. suppl. gr. 1018, ff. 7–52; Pontificio Collegio Greco, Roma, cod. 11, ff. 9-69v; Vat. gr. 1107, ff. 315-320v; a critical edition is under preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Counsel to the Thessalonians when they were besieged, ed. Basileios Laourdas, ‘Ὁ “Συμβουλευτικὸς πρὸς τοὺς Θεσσαλονικεῖς” τοῦ Μανουὴλ Παλαιολόγου’, Μακεδονικά 3 (1955), pp. 290–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debate between Demetrius Chrysoloras and Antonio d’Ascoli on the question: if it is better to be than not to be, how could Christ say to Judas that it would be better for him if he had not been born [Matth. 26:24]?, followed by a clarification by the Emperor Manuel II, ed. Franz Tinnefeld, ‘“Es wäre gut für jenen Menschen, wenn er nicht geboren wäre”. Eine Disputation am Hof Kaiser Manuels II. über ein Jesuswort vom Verräter Judas. Einleitung, kritische Erstedition und Übersetzung (II)’, Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik 45 (1995), 115–158 (text: Version I [from Vat. gr. 1879], pp. 118–124; Version II [from Crypten. Z.δ.I (161) and Pontificio Collegio Greco, Roma, cod. 11], pp. 124–131); cf. idem, ‘“Es wäre gut für jenen Menschen, wenn er nicht geboren wäre”. Eine Disputation am Hof Kaiser Manuels II. über ein Jesuswort vom Verräter Judas. Einleitung, kritische Erstedition und Übersetzung (I)’, in Ἀνδριάς. Herbert Hunger zum 80. Geburtstag (=Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik 44 [1994]), 421–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Declamation on a drunkard, ed. Jean François Boissonade, Anecdota graeca e codicibus regiis, Excusum in Regio Typographeo, vol. II (Paris, 1830), pp. 274–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • A Depiction of Spring in a Dyed, Woven Hanging, eds. Löwenklau, Praecepta, pp. 442–446; PG 156.577A-580B; Legrand, Lettres, p. 442; ed. and trans. John Davis, ‘Manuel II Palaeologus’ A Depiction of Spring in a Dyed, Woven Hanging’, in Porphyrogenita: Essays on the History and Literature of Byzantium and the Latin East in Honour of Julian Chrysostomides, eds. Charalambos Dendrinos, Jonathan Harris, Eirene Harvalia-Crook and Judith Herrin (Aldershot-Burlington, Ashgate, 2003), pp. 411–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dialogues with a Persian, eds. Erich Trapp, Manuel II. Palaiologos. Dialogue mit einem “Perser”, Wiener Byzantinistische Studien, In Kommission bei G. Böhlaus, Nachf. II (Vienna, 1966); ed. and trans. Karl Förstel, Manuel II. Palaiologos. Dialoge mit einem Muslim, 2 vols, Corpus Islamo-Christianorum, Würzburg: Echter; Altenberge: Oros, Series Graeca, 4/I-II (Wurzburg-Alterberge, 1993,1995); ed. and trans. Théodore Khoury, ed., Manuel II Paléologue, Entretiens avec un Musulman: 7 e Controverse, Éditions du Cerf Sources, chrétiennes, 115 (Paris, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Discourse on the Order in the Trinity, ed. Charalambos Dendrinos, An annotated critical edition (editio princeps) of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus’ treatise ‘On the Procession of the Holy Spirit’ (PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996), pp. 318–325; the critical text will appear in the Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca, Brepols, vol. 71 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eight hundred and nine lines in political verse addressed to an atheist, ed. Ioannis Vassis, ‘Οι ανέκδοτοι στίχοι Πρὸς ἄθεον ἄνδρα του Μανουήλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγου’, Bυζαντινά 32 (2012), 37–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epistolary discourse on theology addressed to lord Alexius Iagoup, ed. Charalambos Dendrinos, An annotated critical edition (editio princeps) of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus’ treatise ‘On the Procession of the Holy Spirit’ (PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996), pp. 326–373; the critical text will appear in the Corpus Christianorum Brepols Series Graeca, vol. 71 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Epistolary essay to Andreas Asanes on dreams, ed. Jean François Boissonade, Anecdota nova, Apud Dumont, Bibliopolam VI (Paris, 1844; repr. 1962), pp. 239–246; PG 156.87-92; see I.R. Alfageme, ‘La epístola περὶ ὀνειράτων de Manuel Paleólogo’, Cuadernos de filolología clásica 2 (1971), 227–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funeral Oration on His Brother Theodore, ed. and trans. Julian Chrysostomides, Manuel II Palaeologus, Funeral Oration on His Brother Theodore, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Association for Byzantine Research, XXVI (Thessalonicae, 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Homily on the Dormition of the Mother of God, ed. Martin Jugie, ‘Manuel II Paléologue, empereur de Constantinople (1391–1425). Homélie sur la Dormition de la Sainte Vierge’, in Homélies mariales byzantines, Patrologia Orientalis, Firmin-Didot 16 (Paris, 1922), VI, cols. [119]-[142].

    Google Scholar 

  • Laudation on St John the Baptist, ed. Cristina Billò, ‘La Laudatio in s. Iohannem Baptistam di Manuele II Paleologo’, Medioevo greco 2 (2002), pp. 49–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Letter to David and Damian, Codd. Vat. gr. 1107, ff. 315–322, Crypten. Z.δ.I (161), ff. 3-10v; a critical edition is under preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Letters, ed. and trans. George T. Dennis, The Letters of Manuel II Palaeologus, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, VIII (Washington, D.C., 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moral Dialogue with the Empress-Mother or On Marriage, ed. Claudio Bevegni, Manuelis Palaeologi Dialogum de Matrimonio (primum edidit) Περὶ Γάμου, Saggi e testi classici, cristiani e medievali, Centro di studi sull’antico cristianesimo, Università di Catania, XXXI (Catania, 1989); ed. and trans. Athanasios Angelou, Manuel Palaiologos, Dialogue with the Empress-Mother On Marriage, Byzantina Vindobonensia, XIX Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Vienna, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morning prayers, ed. Löwenclau, Praecepta, pp. 422–436; PG 156.564B-573B.

    Google Scholar 

  • On the death of Bayezid in the form of a psalm, eds. Legrand, Lettres, p. 104; PG 156.581A-C; Löwenclau, Praecepta, pp. 448–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oratio glorificatoria, PG 156.563A-574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oration as from a benevolent ruler to his well-disposed subjects in a critical time eds. Löwenklau, Praecepta, pp. 420–422; PG 156.561B-564A; Legrand, Lettres, pp. 88–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oration on sin and penance, or on St Mary of Egypt, Codd. Vat. gr. 1619, ff. 15-29v; Vat. gr. 632, ff. 336-350v; a critical edition is under preparation; cf. Eleni Kaltsogianni, ‘Zur Entstehung der Rede des Manuel II. Palaiologos auf die heilige Maria von Ägypten [BHG 1044c]’, Παρεκβολαί 1 (2011), 37–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oration on the Dormition of the Mother of God, ed. Martin Jugie, ‘Manuel II Paléologue, empereur de Constantinople (1391–1425). Homélie sur la Dormition de la Sainte Vierge’, in Homélies mariales byzantines Patrologia Orientalis 16, Firmin-Didot (Paris, 1922), VI, pp. 539–542, (text) cols. [119]-[142] (ex Vat. gr. 1619, ff. Iv-14v), pp. 543–566 (Latin trans.); Latin trans. also in PG 156.91A-108B. Cf. cod. Atheniensis Bibl. Nat. 2167, ff. 2–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oration on the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, Codd. Vat. gr. 1619, ff. 29v-46v; Marc. gr. 505, ff. 33-54v; a critical edition is under preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Other morning prayers, ed. Löwenclau, Praecepta, p. 438; PG 156.573C-576A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panegyric on the recovery of his father from illness, ed. Boissonade, Anecdota nova, vol. VI (Paris, 1844; repr. Hidelsheim, 1962), pp. 222–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prayer for those buffeted by storm or simply at sea, adapted from the Psalms, Codd. Par. gr. 3041, f. 127v; Vat. Barb. gr. 219, ff. 91v-92; a critical edition is under preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Precepts on the education of an emperor, ed. Löwenklau, Praecepta, pp. 12–133; PG 156.310-384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Response of Antenor to Odysseus, ed. Boissonade, Anecdota graeca, II, pp. 308–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seven ethico-political orations, addressed to his son John VIII, eds. Löwenklau, Praecepta, pp. 134–419; PG 156.385A-561A; Christina Kakkoura, An annotated critical edition of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus’ Seven Ethico–political Orations (unpublished PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013), pp. 315–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sixteen lines in anacreontic verse, addressed to a completely ignorant and most garullous person, ed. Pietro Matranga, Anecdota graeca, vol. II (Rome, 1850), p. 682; PG 156.575D-576D.

    Google Scholar 

  • Treatise on the procession of the Holy Spirit, ed. Charalambos Dendrinos, An annotated critical edition (editio princeps) of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus’ treatise ‘On the Procession of the Holy Spirit’ (PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996), pp. 1–317; the critical text will appear in the Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca, Brepols, vol. 71 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • What Tamerlane might have said to Bajezid, eds. Legrand, Lettres, pp. 103–104; Löwenklau, Praecepta, pp. 446–448; PG 156.579C-582A.

    Google Scholar 

Other Primary Sources

  • Bessarion. 1926. Funeral Oration on Emperor Manuel Palaeologus, ed. Spyridon Lampros, Παλαιολόγεια καὶ Πελοποννησιακά, vol. III, 284–290. Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chortasmenos, John. 1969. Encomium on Manuel II Palaeologus, on his return from Thessalonica, ed. Herbert Hunger, Johannes Chortasmenos (a. 1370-ca.1436/37): Briefe, Gedichte und kleine Schriften, Einleitung, Regesten, Prosopographie, Text, Böhlau in Komm. Wiener Byzantinistische Studien, vol. VII, 217–224. Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chronique du Religieux de Saint-Denis, ed. Louis-François Bellaguet, Chronique du Religieux de Saint-Denis contenant le règne de Charles VI de 1380 à 1422, Collection de documents inédits sur l’histoire de France, L’Imprimerie de Crapelet, vol. 2. Paris, 1840

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrysoloras, Demetrius. 1926. Encomium on Emperor Manuel Palaeologus, ed. Spyridon Lampros, Παλαιολόγεια καὶ Πελοποννησιακά, vol. III, 222–245. Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrysoloras, Demetrius. 1984. A hundred letters to Manuel II Palaeologus, M. D’Auria: ed. Ferruccio Conti Bizzarro, Demetrio Crisolora. Cento epistole a Manuele II Paleologo. Naples.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrysoloras, Manuel. 2001. Epistolary discourse to Manuel II, ed. Christos G. Patrineles, and Demetrios Z. Sophianos, Manuel Chrysoloras and his Discourse addressed to the Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus. Ἀκαδημία Ἀθηνῶν, Κέντρον Ἐρεύνης τοῦ Μεσαιωνικοῦ καὶ Νέου Ἑλληνισμοῦ, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cydones, Demetrius. 1956, 1960. Letters, ed. Raymond-Joseph Loenertz, Démétrius Cydonès, Correspondance, 2 vols., Studi e testi, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 186, 208. Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ducas. 1958. Historia turco-byzantina, ed. Vasile Grecu, Istoria Turco-Byzantina. Editura Academiei Republicii populare romîne, Bucharest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gemistos, George (Plethon). 1926. Memorandum to Manuel II, ed. Spyridon Lampros, Παλαιολόγεια καὶ Πελοποννησιακά, vol. III, 246–265. Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macarius of Ankyra. 2009. Against the Errors of the Latins, ed. Christos Triantafyllopoulos, An annotated critical edition of the treatise Against the Errors of the Latins by Makarios, Metropolitan of Ankyra (1397–1405), 2 vols. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macres, Macarius. 1991. Funeral Oration on Emperor Manuel Palaeologus, ed. Alexander Sideras, 25 Unedierte byzantinische Grabreden, Παρατηρητής, 301–307. Thessalonica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sphrantzes, George. 1990. Chronicon Minus, ed. Riccardo Maisano, Giorgio Sfranze, Cronaca, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, vol. XXIX. Rome: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.

    Google Scholar 

Secondary Literature

  • Balivet, Michel. 2004. Le sufi et le basileus: Haci Bayram Velî et Manuel II Paléologue. Medioevo Greco 4: 19–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, John W. 1969. Manuel II Palaeologus (1391–1425). A study in late Byzantine statesmanship. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger de Xivrey, Jean. 1853. Mémoire sur la vie et les ouvrages de l’empereur Manuel Paléologue. In Mémoires de l’Institut de France, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, XIX, 2, 1–201. Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevegni, Claudio. 1987. La lettera ad Alessio Iagoup di Manuele II Paleologo: una rilettura del Par. Gr. 3041. La Parola del Passato 233: 103–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrysostomides, Julian (ed.). 1995. Monumenta Peloponnesiaca. Documents for the history of the Peloponnese in the 14th and 15th centuries. Camberley: Porphyrogenitus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cirac Estopañán, Sebastián. 1952. Bizancio y España: La Unión, Manuel II Paleólogo y sus recuerdos en España. Barcelona: Universidad de Barcelona, Secretaría de Publicaciones.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dabrowska, Małgorzata. 1993. Francja i Bizancjum w okresie wielkiej schizmy zachodniej. Historia Bizancjum, Acta Universitatis Lodziensis, Folia Historica 48: 127–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demetracopoulos, John A. 2008. ‘Pope Benedict XVI’s use of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos’ Dialogue with a Muslim Muterizes: The scholarly background. Archiv für mittelalterliche Philosophie und Kultur 16: 264–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Charalambos. Co-operation and friendship among scholars in the circle of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (1390–1425) as reflected in their autograph manuscripts. In Proceedings of the conference “Unlocking the Potential of Texts: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Medieval Greek” at the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Cambridge, 18–19 July 2006, published online at: http://www.mml.cam.ac.uk/greek/grammarofmedievalgreek/unlocking/Dendrinos.pdf

  • Dendrinos, Charalambos. 2002. Ἡ ἐπιστολὴ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος Μανουὴλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγου πρὸς τὸν Ἀλέξιο Ἰαγοὺπ καὶ οἱ ἀντιλήψεις του περὶ τῆς σπουδῆς τῆς θεολογίας καὶ τῶν σχέσεων Ἐκκλησίας καὶ Πολιτείας. Φιλοσοφίας Ἀνάλεκτα 1: 58–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Charalambos. 2003. An unpublished funeral oration on Manuel II Palaeologus (†1425), In Porphyrogenita: Essays on the history and literature of Byzantium and the Latin East in honour of Julian Chrysostomides, ed. Ch. Dendrinos, J. Harris, E. Harvalia-Crook, and J. Herrin, 423–456. Aldershot-Burlington, Porphyrogenitus; cf. Polemis, I. 2011. Two praises of the Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos: Problems of authorship. Byzantiniscje Zeitschrift 103(2): 699–714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Charalambos. 2007. Reflections on the failure of the Union of Florence. Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 39: 131–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Charalambos. 2011. Manuel II Palaeologus in Paris (1400–1402): Theology, diplomacy and politics. In Greeks, Latins, and intellectual history 1204–1500: Debates, influences, impressions, translations, migrations, Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie médiévales, Bibliotheca, ed. M. Hinterberger, and Ch. Schabel, 397–422. Leuven: Peeters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, George T. 1960. The reign of Manuel II Palaeologus in Thessalonica, 1382–1387, Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 150. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, George T. 1971. Official documents of Manuel II Palaeologus. Byzantion 41: 45–58; idem, 1968. Two unknown documents of Manuel II Palaeologus. Travaux et Mémoires 3: 397–404; both articles reprinted in idem, 1982. Byzantium and the Franks, 1350–1420. London: Ashgate, Variorum, nos. IX and VIII.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, Jonathan. 1995. Greek Emigres in the West, 1400–1520. Camberley: Porphyrogenitus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, Jonathan. 2012. Manuel II Palaiologos (1391–1425) and the Lollards. Greek Orthodox Theological Review 57(1–4): 213–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jugie, Martin. 1912. Le voyage de l’empereur Manuel Paléologue en Occident. Echo d’Orient 15: 322–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoury, Théodore. 1965. L’empereur Manuel II Paléologue (1350–1425): Essai biographique. Proche-Orient chrétien 15: 127–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoury, Théodore. 1968. L’empereur Manuel II Paléologue (1350–1425): Essai bibliographique. Proche-Orient chrétien 18: 29–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent, Vitalien. 1955. Les droits de l’empereur en matière ecclésiastique. L’accord de 1380–1382. Revue des Etudes Byzantines 13: 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonte, Florin. 2012. Rhetoric in purple: The renewal of imperial ideology in the texts of Manuel II Palaiologos. PhD dissertation, Central European University, Budapest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loenertz, Raymond-Joseph. 1970, 1978. Byzantina et Franco-Graeca, 2 vols, Edizioni di storia e letteratura, Racolta di Studi e Testi, 118, 145. Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mergiali-Sahas, Sophia. 2001. Byzantine emperors and holy relics. Use, and misuse, of sanctity and authority. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 51: 41–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicol, Donald M. 1971. A Byzantine emperor in England: Manuel II’s visit to London in 1400–1401. University of Birmingham Historical Journal 12(2); reprinted in idem, 1972. Byzantium: Its ecclesiastical history and relations with the western world. London: Ashgate, Variorum, no. X, pp. 204–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicol, Donald M. 1993. The last centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press repr. 1994, pp. 204–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert, Stephen W. 2014. Coping with political catastrophe in 1387: Representations of nature in Manuel II Palaiologos. Epistolary Discourse to Kabasilas, in idem, 2014. Late Byzantine and early Ottoman studies. Ashgate, Aldershot: Variorum, article no. V, pp. 1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert, Stephen W. 1991. Manuel II Palaeologos and his Müderris. In The Twilight of Byzantium: Aspects of cultural and religious history in the late Byzantine empire, ed. Slobodan Ćurčić, and Doula Mouriki, 39–51. Princeton; reprinted in idem, 2014. Late Byzantine and early Ottoman studies. Ashgate, Aldershot: Variorum, article no. IX.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert, Stephen W. 1993. The Palaiologoi, Yıldırım Bāyezīd and Constantinople: June 1389-March 1391. In Tὸ Ἑλληνικόν. Studies in Honor of Speros Vryonis, Jr., ed. John S. Langdon et al., vol. I, Hellenic antiquity and Byzantium, 289–365. Artistide D. Caratzas, New Rochelle/New York; reprinted in idem, 2014. Late Byzantine and early Ottoman studies. Aldershot: Variorum, article no. VI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert, Stephen W. 2001. Political dimensions of Manuel II Palaiologos’ 1392 marriage and coronation: Some new evidence. In Novum millenium. Studies on Byzantine history and culture dedicated to Paul Speck, ed. Claudia Sode, and Sarolta A. Takács, 291–303. Ashgate, Aldershot; reprinted in idem, 2014. Late Byzantine and early Ottoman studies. Ashgate, Aldershot: Variorum, article no. VII.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runciman, Steven. 1988. Manuel II and the see of Moldavia. In Kaθηγήτρια: Essays presented to Joan Hussey for her 80th birthday, ed. Julian Chrysostomides, 515–520. Porphyrogenitus, Camberley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlumberger, Gustave. 1916. Un Empereur de Byzance à Paris et à Londres. Paris; published originally in Revue des deux Mondes. Paris, 15 Dec 1915; reprinted in idem, 1927. Byzance et Croisades, Pages Médiévales, 87–147. P. Geuthner, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trapp, Erich, et al. (eds.). 1989. Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit, vol. I/9. Vienna, no. 21513, pp. 101–102 (Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften and supplements).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasiliev, Alexander A. 1912. Putešestvie Vizantijskago Imperatora Manuila II Paleologa po zapadnoj Evropie (1399–1403 g.). Žurnal ministerstva narodnago prosveščenija, n. s. 39: 41–78, 260–304.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charalambos Dendrinos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this entry

Cite this entry

Dendrinos, C. (2016). Manuel II Palaeologus. In: Sgarbi, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02848-4_148-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02848-4_148-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02848-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities

Publish with us

Policies and ethics