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Language Socialization: An Historical Overview

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Language Socialization

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Language and Education ((ELE))

Abstract

Language socialization hinges on the potential of embodied communication to engage novices in apprehending and realizing familiar and novel ways of thinking, feeling, and acting with others across the life span. Language socialization presupposes that community members desire and expect children and other novices to display appropriate forms of sociality and competence. Language becomes instrumental in effectuating these ends through symbolic and performative capacities that mediate human experience. Language socialization is rarely explicit, relying instead of novices’ ability to infer meanings through routine indexical associations between verbal forms and socio-cultural practices, relationships, institutions, emotions, and thought-worlds. Socialization is sometimes cast as the passive transmission of knowledge from experts to novices. Language socialization instead is viewed as an outcome of synergistic communicative entanglements of novices with sources of knowledge, human, or otherwise. Asymmetries in knowledge do not neatly map on to power and maturity. Indeed, novices’ flexibility towards shifting socio-political conditions and technological tools propels innovation. Early language socialization studies analyzed linguistic “input” as enmeshed in ideologies relevant to children’s communicative competence. Communities that routinely align infants as partners in dyadic conversations predominantly use simplified speech in their presence. Communities that routinely direct infants’ attention to others in multiparty surroundings align them as onlookers, overhearers, and relayers of prompts, thereby immersing them in appropriate registers of adults and older siblings. Contemporary research focuses on language socialization’s role in shaping language and cultural hybridity and shift, in both diasporic communities in industrialized societies and indigenous communities in contact with postcolonial institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Elinor Ochs

  2. Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY, USA

    Bambi Schieffelin

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  1. Elinor Ochs
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  2. Bambi Schieffelin
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Correspondence to Elinor Ochs .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Patricia A. Duff

  2. Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Stephen May

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Ochs, E., Schieffelin, B. (2017). Language Socialization: An Historical Overview. In: Duff, P., May, S. (eds) Language Socialization. Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02255-0_1

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