Skip to main content

Thermal Comfort in Smart Homes for an Aging Population

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Smart Homes, Health Care and Well-Being

Abstract

The number of older adults is increasing rapidly, and the majority of older adults wish to age in place. Furthermore, these demographical changes put a large stress on the healthcare system. Therefore, adequate aging-in-place strategies become significantly important. Appropriate and comfortable housing is one of the key determinants to facilitate this desire. One of the aspects of concern is thermal comfort. Since the thermal requirements differ between young adults and the older counterparts, current models for assessing thermal comfort are not sufficiently accurate to be used for older adults. This chapter provides an overview of thermal comfort in relation to aging and the way smart home technologies including smart thermostats can contribute to well-being and health with respect to aging-in-place strategies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • ASHRAE (2009) ASHRAE handbook 2009 fundamentals. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ASHRAE (2010) Standard 55: thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatteis CM (2012) Age-dependent changes in temperature regulation – a mini review. Gerontology 58(4):289–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cena K, de Dear RJ (1997) Assessment and prediction of thermal comfort of the aged in indoor environments. In: Seppälä P, Luoparjärvi T, NygÃ¥rd CH, Mattila M (eds) 13th triennial congress of the international ergonomics association, vol 5. Tampere, Finland, pp 427–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins KJ, Exton-Smith AN, Dore C (1981) Urban hypothermia: preferred temperature and thermal perception in old age. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 282(6259):175–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Croome DJ, Gan G, Awbi HB (1993) Thermal comfort and air quality in offices. In: Proceedings of indoor air 93, Helsinki, Finland

    Google Scholar 

  • de Dear RJ, Brager GS (1998) Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference. ASHRAE Trans 104(1):145–167

    Google Scholar 

  • de Dear RJ, Akimoto T, Arens EA, Brager G, Candido C, Cheong KW, Li B, Nishihara N, Sekhar SC, Tanabe S, Toftum J, Zhang H, Zhu Y (2013) Progress in thermal comfort research over the last twenty years. Air Indoor 23(6):442–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Degroot DW, Kenney WL (2007) Impaired defense of core temperature in aged humans during mild cold stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292(1):R103–R108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EN-ISO (2005) ISO 7730: ergonomics of the thermal environment – analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria. International Standards Organization, Delft, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanger O (1970) Thermal comfort. PhD, Danish Technical University

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster KG, Ellis FP, Dore C, Exton-Smith AN, Weiner JS (1976) Sweat responses in the aged. Age Ageing 5(2):91–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fountain ME, Brager GS, de Dear RJ (1996) Expectations of indoor climate control. Energy Build 24(3):179–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garssen J, Harmsen C, de Beer J (2005) The effect of the summer 2003 heat wave on mortality in the Netherlands. Euro Surveill 10(7):165–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashiguchi N, Tochihara Y, Ohnaka T, Tsuchida C, Otsuki T (2004) Physiological and subjective responses in the elderly when using floor heating and air conditioning systems. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci 23(6):205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Havenith G (2001) Temperature regulation and technology. Gerontechnology 1:41–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howden-Chapman P (2004) Housing standards: a glossary of housing and health. J Epidemiol Community Health 58(3):162–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howden-Chapman P, Signal L, Crane J (1999). Housing and health in older people: ageing in place. Departments of Public Health and Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine University of Otago

    Google Scholar 

  • Huynen MM, Martens P, Schram D, Weijenberg MP, Kunst AE (2001) The impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population. Environ Health Perspect 109(5):463–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Energy Agency (IEA) (2011) ECBCS. From http://www.ecbcs.org

  • Karjalainen S (2007) Gender differences in thermal comfort and use of thermostats in everyday thermal environments. Build Environ 42(4):1594–1603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karjalainen S (2011) Thermal comfort and gender: a literature review. Indoor Air 22(2):96–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kingma BR, Frijns AJ, Saris WH, van Steenhoven AA, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD (2011) Increased systolic blood pressure after mild cold and rewarming: relation to cold-induced thermogenesis and age. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 203(4):419–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolarik J, Toftum J, Olesen BW, Jensen KL (2011) Simulation of energy use, human thermal comfort and office work performance in buildings with moderately drifting operative temperatures. Energy Build 43(11):2988–2997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korhonen I, Pärkkä J, Van Gils M (2003) Health monitoring in the home of the future. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 22(3):66–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenbelt W, Kingma B, van der Lans A, Schellen L (2014) Cold exposure – an approach to increasing energy expenditure in humans. Trends Endocrinol Metab 25(4):165–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mccullough EA, Zbikowski PJ, Jones BW (1987) Measurement and prediction of the insulation provided by bedding systems. ASHRAE Trans 93(1):1055–1068

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano J, Tanabe S, Kimura K (2002) Differences in perception of indoor environment between Japanese and non-Japanese workers. Energy Build 34:615–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natsume K, Ogawa T, Sugenoya J, Ohnishi N, Imai K (1992) Preferred ambient temperature for old and young men in summer and winter. Int J Biometeorol 36(1):1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicol JF, Humphreys MA (2002) Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings. Energy Build 34(6):563–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill T, Jinks C, Squire A (2006) Heating is more important than food. J Housing Elderly 20(3):95–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons KC (2003) Human thermal environments: the effects of hot, moderate, and cold environments on human health, comfort, and performance. Taylor & Francis, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Poehlman ET, Arcierio P, Goran M (1994) Endurance exercise in ageing humans: effects on energy metabolism. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 22:251–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutten PGS, Hensen JLM (2002) Thermische behaaglijkheid in verpleeghuizen in Nederland in de zomersituatie. PRelude/HBPS, Arcen/Eindhoven

    Google Scholar 

  • Schellen L, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Loomans MGLC, Toftum J, de Wit MH (2010) Differences between young adults and elderly in thermal comfort, productivity, and thermal physiology in response to a moderate temperature drift and a steady-state condition. Indoor Air 20(4):273–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hoof J (2008) Forty years of Fanger’s model of thermal comfort: comfort for all? Indoor Air 18(3):182–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hoof J (2010) Ageing-in-place – the integrated design of housing facilities for people with dementia. Dissertation, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven

    Google Scholar 

  • van Hoof J, Hensen JLM (2006) Thermal comfort and older adults. Gerontechnology 4(4):223–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hoof J, Kort HSM, Duijnstee MSH, Rutten PGS, Hensen JLM (2010a) The indoor environment and the integrated building design of homes for older people with dementia. Build Environ 45(5):1244–1261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hoof J, Kort HSM, Duijnstee MSH, Rutten PGS, Hensen JLM (2010b) Thermal comfort and integrated building design for older people with dementia. Build Environ 45(2):358–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Someren EJW (2007) Thermoregulation and aging. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292(1):R99–R102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2012/en/index.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Schellen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this entry

Cite this entry

Schellen, L., van Hoof, J. (2017). Thermal Comfort in Smart Homes for an Aging Population. In: van Hoof, J., Demiris, G., Wouters, E. (eds) Handbook of Smart Homes, Health Care and Well-Being. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01583-5_64

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics