Synonyms
Infectious cystitis; Infectious-related cystitis
Definition
Bladder reaction to infectious agents, most frequently bacteria, and are related to urine infection.
Clinical Features
Incidence
Infectious cystitis is a common finding caused by different causes: bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, parasites, and virus. The histologic features, in the majority of the cases, are nonspecific. Culture, serum tests, or PCR-based molecular methods are in use for the diagnosis. Among these, in the majority of the cases, the cause is a bacterial infection.
Bacterial Cystitis
The infectious cystitis caused by a bacterial infection is the most frequent. These are common in sexually active women (20–40 years old) characterized by dysuria, urgency, and frequency. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings together with symptoms and urine culture; and the bladder biopsy has no role. Common etiologies are E. coli, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Proteus.
Moreover, there are other specific and...
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References and Further Reading
DeHetogh, D. A., & Brettman, L. R. (1988). Hemorrhagic cystitis due to herpes simplex virus as a marker of disseminated herpes infection. The American Journal of Medicine, 84, 632–635.
Herawi, M., Parwani, A. V., Chan, T., et al. (2006). Polyoma virus-associated cellular changes in the urine and bladder biopsy samples: cytohistologic correlation. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 30, 345–350.
Meria, P., Desgrippes, A., Arfi, C., et al. (1998). Encrusted cystitis and pyelitis. The Journal of Urology, 160, 3–9.
Patel, N. P., Lagengood, R. W., Fernandes, M., et al. (1992). Gas-forming infections in genitourinary tract. Urology, 39, 341–345.
Richmond, W. (1974). The genito-urinary manifestations of herpes zoster. Three case reports and a review of literature. British Journal of Urology, 46, 193–200.
Wise, G. J., Talluri, G. S., & Marella, V. K. (1999). Fungal infection of the genitourinary system: manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. The Urologic Clinics of North America, 26, 701–718.
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Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2020). Cystitis, Infectious Type. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5492
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5492
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