Synonyms
Xanthogranulomatous cystitis; Xanthoma
Definition
Cystitis, xanthogranulomatous type, is a benign chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by sheets of foamy macrophages within a chronic inflammatory background.
Clinical Features
Incidence
Uncommon disease
Age
The rare cases are described in patients aged between 50 and 70 years.
Sex
No different incidences are reported in the two sexes.
Site
Bladder wall
Treatment
Since its similar features to bladder neoplasm, it is extremely easy to be mistaken for malignant tumor, and consequently partial cystectomy may be done for complete diagnosis; however, this practice is uncommon nowadays due to the generalized use of immunohistochemistry, which allows to identify the proliferating cells as histiocytes (Hayashi et al. 2003).
Outcome
Unremarkable once diagnosed (Wang et al. 2014). Few cases of xanthogranulomatous cystitis in conjunction with malignant neoplasms of the bladder are been described (Bates et al. 1998)....
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References and Further Reading
Bates, A. W., Fegan, A. W., & Baithun, S. I. (1998). Xanthogranulomatous cystitis associated with malignant neoplasms of the bladder. Histopathology, 33, 212–215.
Hayashi, N., Wada, T., Kiyota, H., Ueda, M., & Oishi, Y. (2003). Xanthogranulomatous cystitis. International Journal of Urology, 10, 498–500.
Tai, H. L., Chen, C. C., & Yeh, K. T. (1999). Xanthogranulomatous cystitis associated with anaerobic bacterial infection. The Journal of Urology, 162, 795–796.
Wang, Y., Han, X. C., Zheng, L. Q., & Miao, W. L. (2014). Xanthogranulomatous cystitis imitating bladder neoplasm: A case report and review of literature. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 7, 8255–8258.
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Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2020). Cystitis, Xanthogranulomatous Type. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5025
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