Synonyms
Giant cell cystitis after radiation therapy; Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the urothelium; Radiation cystitis
Definition
Acute or chronic cystitis which can occur after radiation treatment involving the urinary bladder
Clinical Features
Incidence
It is common in patients following pelvic radiotherapy. It may be acute or chronic. The clinical and histological features are time- and dose-dependent. Early symptoms can occur 4–6 weeks after the starting of therapy (acute onset); later symptoms may occur years later (5–10 years later) (Fajardo and Berthrong 1978).
Age
In adult patients
Sex
Mainly, it occurs in men treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer. In the female patients, it is related to radiotherapy for gynecological malignancies.
Site
Early changes involve urothelium and lamina propria of the bladder; late changes involve also muscular layers and wall of the vessels.
Treatment
In cystitis after radiation, patients often present hematuria or voiding symptoms....
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References and Further Reading
Chan, T. Y., & Epstein, J. I. (2004). Radiation or chemotherapy cystitis with ‘pseudocarcinomatous’ features. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 28, 909–913.
Fajardo, L. F., & Berthrong, M. (1978). Radiation injury in surgical pathology. Part I. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 2, 159–199.
Lopez-Beltran, A., Paner, G. P., Montironi, R., et al. (2017). Iatrogenic changes in the urinary tract. Iatrogenic changes in the urinary tract. Histopathology, 70, 10–25.
Lopez-Beltran, A., Montironi, R., Raspollini, M. R., et al. (2018). Iatrogenic pathology of the urinary bladder. Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 35, 218–227.
Wu, A. (2014). Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the urinary bladder. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 138, 1268–1271.
Zhong, M., Tian, W., Zhuge, J., et al. (2015). Distinguishing nested variants of urothelial carcinoma from benign mimickers by TERT promoter mutation. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 39, 127–131.
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Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2020). Cystitis After Radiation. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5024
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