Synonyms
BCC-induced granulomatous cystitis; BCG cystitis; Granulomatous cystitis secondary to BCG therapy; Granulomatous reaction post-transurethral resection
Specific forms: tuberculosis cystitis; autoimmune granulomatous cystitis, sarcoidosis
Definition
It is a common granulomatous inflammatory reaction of the bladder in patients with bladder carcinoma that underwent intravesical instillation of BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Other forms of specific granulomas may also be seen in the bladder, with TBC as the most common.
Clinical Features
Incidence
It is a common inflammatory reaction (BCG cystitis) in patients with bladder carcinoma underwent intravesical instillation of BCG. Other specific forms of granulomatous cystitis include tuberculous cystitis (tuberculosis cystitis occurs in 1% of the cases of TBC), sarcoidosis, and rare granulomas in case of auto-immunitary disease. A common granulomatous lesion seen in the bladder is the so-called necrobiotic granuloma following...
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References and Further Reading
Christensen, W. I. (1974). Genitourinary tuberculosis: Review of 102 cases. Medicine (Baltimore), 53, 377–390.
Eble, J. N., & Bank, E. R. (1990). Post-surgical necrobiotic granulomas of urinary bladder. Urology, 35, 454–457.
Lage, J. M., Bauer, W. C., Kelley, D. R., et al. (1986). Histological parameters and pitfalls in the interpretation of bladder biopsies in bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment of superficial bladder cancer. The Journal of Urology, 135, 916–919.
Raspollini, M. R., Franchi, A., delle Rose, A., et al. (2012). Necrotizing palisading granuloma of the bladder in an otherwise healthy young man. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 136, 679–680.
Tamas, E. F., & Epstein, J. I. (2007). Detection of residual tumor cells in bladder biopsy specimens: Pitfalls in the interpretation of cytokeratin stains. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 31, 390–397.
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Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2020). Cystitis, Granulomatous Type. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5020
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