Synonyms
Malignant melanoma
Definition
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes which may involve primarily or secondarily the urogenital tract. In the urinary tract, the criteria to be met to classify a melanoma as primary are no other previous or concomitant skin melanoma, no evidence of regressed melanoma, and a recurrence pattern consistent with the primary tumor diagnosis. Melanomas arising on the penile shaft skin are classified as cutaneous, whereas those occurring on the glans, meatus, corona, inner prepuce, or urethra are mucosal melanomas.
Clinical Features
Incidence
Primary melanomas of the genitourinary tract account for less than 1% of all melanomas (El-Safadi et al. 2014). In the urinary tract, metastatic melanoma is more frequently encountered than primary melanoma. Primary melanoma is more common in the urethra with approximately 150 reported cases (El-Safadi et al. 2014). In the bladder less than 50 cases of primary melanomas (Venyo 2014) and approximately 24 of...
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El-Safadi, S., Estel, R., Mayser, P., & Muenstedt, K. (2014). Primary malignant melanoma of the urethra: A systematic analysis of the current literature. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 289, 935–943.
Liapis, G., Sarlanis, H., Poulaki, E., Stravodimos, K., Riccioni, O., & Lazaris, A. C. (2016). Primary malignant melanoma of renal pelvis with extensive clear cell change. Cureus, 8, e583.
Meunier, R., Pareek, G., & Amin, A. (2015). Metastasis of malignant melanoma to urinary bladder: A case report and review of the literature. Case Reports in Pathology, 2015, 173870.
Papes, D., Altarac, S., Arslani, N., Rajkovic, Z., Antabak, A., & Cacic, M. (2014). Melanoma of the glans penis and urethra. Urology, 83, 6–11.
Tosev, G., Kuru, T. H., Huber, J., Freier, G., Bergmann, F., Hassel, J. C., Pahernik, S. A., Hohenfellner, M., & Hadaschik, B. A. (2015). Primary melanoma of the prostate: Case report and review of the literature. BMC Urology, 15, 68.
Venyo, A. K. (2014). Melanoma of the urinary bladder: A review of the literature. Surgery Research and Practice, 2014, 605802.
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Portelli, F., Trambaiolo Antonelli, C., De Giorgi, V. (2020). Melanoma, Genitourinary Tract. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5010
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