Definition
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a sarcoma with smooth muscle differentiation.
Clinical Features
Incidence
LMS is the most common genitourinary sarcoma in adults, but it is still rare, accounting for less than 1% of all malignant tumors at these sites.
Age
It occurs in adult and elderly patients. The mean age at diagnosis is 60 years.
Sex
A male predominance has been reported in bladder and a female predominance in the kidney.
Site
Genitourinary LMS arise more frequently in the kidney and the bladder, while only rare cases have been reported in the prostate, the ureter, the spermatic cord, the testis, the penis, and the scrotum.
Treatment
Surgery is the primary treatment, but adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy may also be employed in selected cases.
Outcome
LMS is an aggressive tumor with a high rate of distant metastasis and poor survival.
Macroscopy
LMSs are usually large tumors, macroscopically well circumscribed, with a white-tan cut surface, often with areas of hemorrhage...
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References and Further Reading
Martin, S., Sears, D., Sebo, T., et al. (2002). Smooth muscle neoplasms of the urinary bladder: A clinicopathologic comparison of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 26, 292–300.
Miller, J. S., Zhou, M., Brimo, F., Guo, C. C., & Epstein, J. I. (2010). Primary leiomyosarcoma of the kidney: A clinicopathologic study of 27 cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 34, 238–242.
Mills, S. E., Bova, G. S., Wick, M. R., et al. (1989). Leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 15 cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 13, 480–489.
Venyo, A. K. (2015). A review of the literature on primary Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate gland. Advances in Urology, 2015, 485786.
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Franchi, A. (2020). Leiomyosarcoma. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_5004
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