Choriocarcinoma
Synonyms
Chorionepitelioma; Trophoblastic malignant teratoma
Definition
Choriocarcinoma (CC) is an aggressive neoplasm that recapitulates the placental trophoblastic cells of the extraembryonic chorion, including cytotrophoblastic, intermediate trophoblastic, and syncytiotrophoblastic cells.
Clinical Features
Pure choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare tumor with an incidence of 0.8/100000 in countries with a high incidence of GCTs (0.3% of testicular GCTs), and it occurs in 6.4–17.8% of mixed GCTs. CC often occurs with signs or symptoms attributed to a distant metastasis, such as haemoptysis, abdominal mass, neurological dysfunction, anemia; serum human chorion gonadotropin is frequently >50,000 IU/L. Gynecomastia and thyrotoxicosis are infrequently observed. Proclivity for high-stage presentation, including presence of distant metastasis to the lungs and liver, hematogenous spread, and poor outcome are reported. It is unclear whether testicular GCT with a predominant CC...
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References and Further Reading
Alvarado-Cabrero, I., Hernández-Toriz, N., & Paner, G. P. (2014). Clinicopathologic analysis of choriocarcinoma as a pure or predominant component of germ cell tumor of the testis. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 38(1), 111–118.
Banet, N., Gown, A. M., Shih, I. M., Kay Li, Q., Roden, R. B., Nucci, M. R., Cheng, L., Przybycin, C. G., Nasseri-Nik, N., Wu, L. S., Netto, G. J., Ronnett, B. M., & Vang, R. (2015). GATA-3 expression in trophoblastic tissues: An immunohistochemical study of 445 cases, including diagnostic utility. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 39(1), 101–108.
Gondim, D. D., Ulbright, T. M., Cheng, L., & Idrees, M. T. (2017). Primary cystic trophoblastic tumor of the testis: A study of 14 cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 41(6), 788–794.
Idrees, M. T., Kao, C. S., Epstein, J. I., & Ulbright, T. M. (2015). Nonchoriocarcinomatous trophoblastic tumors of the testis: The widening spectrum of trophoblastic neoplasia. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 39(11), 1468–1478.
Ulbright, T. M., Henley, J. D., Cummings, O. W., Foster, R. S., & Cheng, L. (2004). Cystic trophoblastic tumor: A nonaggressive lesion in postchemotherapy resections of patients with testicular germ cell tumors. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 28(9), 1212–1216.
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Colecchia, M., Bertolotti, A. (2020). Trophoblastic Tumors. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4961
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4961
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