Definition
Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising from cranial, peripheral, or visceral nerves. It can be sporadic or associated to neurofibromatosis.
Clinical Features
Incidence
Neurofibroma is a rare lesion in the genitourinary tract, especially when sporadic. There are approximately 70 reported cases of neurofibroma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) arising in the bladder (Hosseini et al. 2016). Scrotal and spermatic cord neurofibromas are very rare, with 14 cases reported so far, sometimes with an unclear sublocalization due to the anatomical overlap of structures in this region (Boto et al. 2015). Penile neurofibromas are exceedingly rare (Moch et al. 2016).
Age
Neurofibroma can occur both in pediatric and adult populations, with a strict relation between plexiform neurofibromas and pediatric age.
Sex
In the bladder there is no sex predilection, while in external genitalia neurofibromas associated with NF1 are most frequently reported in...
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References and Further Reading
Boto, J., Boudabbous, S., Lobrinus, J. A., Gourmaud, J., & Terraz, S. (2015). Solitary neurofibroma of the spermatic cord: A case report. Journal of radiology case reports, 9(6), 19–28.
Hornick J. L. (Ed). (2013). Spindle cell tumors of adults. In: Practical soft tissue pathology. A diagnostic approach. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
Hosseini, S. Z., Alizadeh, F., & Ghana’at, I. (2016). Isolated bladder neurofibroma: A case report and review of literature. Remed Open Access, 1, 1012.
Moch, H., Humphrey, P. A., Ulbright, T. M., & Reuter, V. E. (2016). Mesenchymal tumours of penis. In WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs (4th ed.). Lyon: IARC.
Pascual-Castroviejo, I., Lopez-Pereira, P., Savasta, S., Lopez-Gutierrez, J. C., Lago, C. M., & Cisternino, M. (2008). Neurofibromatosis type 1 with external genitalia involvement: Presentation of 4 patients. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 43, 1998–2003.
Zugail, A. S., Benadiba, S., Ferlicot, S., & Irani, J. (2017). Oddities sporadic neurofibroma of the urinary bladder. A case report. Urology case reports, 14, 42–44.
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Taverna, C., Franchi, A. (2020). Neurofibroma. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4864
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4864
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