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Privatization as the New Normal in Higher Education

Synthesizing Literature and Reinvigorating Research Through a Multilevel Framework

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Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research

Part of the book series: Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research ((HATR,volume 35))

Abstract

Privatization in US higher education has recently been framed as the new normal, or something scholars treat as the default state of affairs with little expectation of change in the foreseeable future. In this chapter we synthesize the literature on privatization, calling for a renewed research agenda that challenges this normalization and reinvigorates study of this important topic. More specifically, we analyze the conceptualizations, origins, catalysts, and manifestations of privatization in the literature. We advance five arguments about the privatization throughout the chapter, underscoring conceptual murkiness, fragmented lines of inquiry, unanswered questions, and methodological limitations. We propose a multilevel framework to understand the privatization literature and bring together disparate strands of inquiry. We conclude by outlining a renewed research agenda on privatization, highlighting several directions for future research and advocating for improved data and research methods.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We reflect the literature and use “institutions” to refer to higher education organizations, including both colleges and universities, throughout this work.

  2. 2.

    The 13 search Indexes were comprised of seven sub-indices of EBSCO Host (Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Ultimate, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, SocINDEX, and Teacher Reference Center), as well as six additional indices that included ProQuest Education Database, Academic OneFile, Educators Reference Complete, JSTOR, and PsycNET. The search parameters begin with 1986 as it was the earliest year for the ERIC search index, which restricted all others.

  3. 3.

    Initial queries included peer-reviewed works that used variations of privatization within the body of the article, but in our evaluation of the content, we discovered that the overwhelming majority of these works employed the term privatization in order to contextualize the study while examining something else of interest (i.e., the new normal). Thus, we limited queries to articles that only employed the term in the title, abstract, or keywords.

  4. 4.

    The authors acknowledge the presence of hybrid goods due to the fact that not all, or even the majority of, goods will fit clearly in the revenue or mission goods category. However, they maintain that the two-good framework is useful in highlighting the fact that “all schools can be expected to seize opportunities to enhance profits” (Weisbrod et al. 2008, p. 69).

  5. 5.

    Research commercialization, which can also be a source of alternative revenues for some schools, is discussed in the section on the changing nature of the creation and dissemination of knowledge below.

  6. 6.

    It has also done this via the impacts it has on the nature of faculty work, which will be discussed below.

  7. 7.

    Though they are likely engaged in privatization and academic capitalism in other areas including athletics or competition for students (Slaughter and Rhoades 2004).

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Author notes

  1. $All authors contributed equally to this work and share equal authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA

    Kevin R. McClure

  2. Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA

    Sondra N. Barringer

  3. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Joshua Travis Brown

Authors
  1. Kevin R. McClure
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  2. Sondra N. Barringer
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  3. Joshua Travis Brown
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Correspondence to Kevin R. McClure .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Laura W. Perna

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    Laura W. Perna

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    Ann Austin

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    Linda Eisenmann

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    Pamela Eddy

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    Marvin Titus

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    Nicholas Hillman

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McClure, K.R., Barringer, S.N., Brown, J.T. (2020). Privatization as the New Normal in Higher Education. In: Perna, L. (eds) Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, vol 35. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31365-4_13

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