Introduction
Forgiveness has been defined as the “forswearing of negative affect and judgment by viewing the wrongdoer with compassion and love, in the face of a wrongdoer’s considerable injustice” (Enright et al. 1991, p. 123). Forgivingness has been defined as “the disposition to abort one’s anger (or altogether to miss getting angry) at persons one takes to have wronged one culpably, by seeing them in the benevolent terms provided by reasons characteristic of forgiving” (Roberts 1995, p. 290). Forgivingness is thus an overall disposition that manifests itself in most circumstances in life. Forgiveness, by contrast, only applies to particular circumstances (particular offenses).
By religious tradition, we have essentially considered Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam, without distinguishing between variants of these traditions (for a review, see McCullough et al. 2005). These are only a limited set of studies that have examined, separately from the effect of culture, the...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Bibliography
Ahmed, R., Azar, F., & Mullet, E. (2007). Interpersonal forgiveness among Kuwaiti adolescents and adults. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 24, 159–170.
Azar, F., & Mullet, E. (2001). Interpersonal forgiveness among Lebanese: A six-confession study. International Journal of Group Tensions, 30, 161–181.
Ballester, S., Muñoz Sastre, M. T., & Mullet, E. (2009). Forgivingness and lay conceptualizations of forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 605–609.
Ballester, S., Chatri, F., Muñoz Sastre, M. T., Rivière, S., & Mullet, E. (2011). Forgiveness-related motives: A structural and cross-cultural approach. Social Science Information, 50, 178–200.
Bugay, A., & Mullet, E. (2013). Conceptualizing forgiveness, granting forgiveness, and seeking forgiveness: A Turkish-French comparison. Review of European Studies, 5, 187–193.
Chiaramello, S., Muñoz Sastre, M. T., & Mullet, E. (2008). Seeking forgiveness: Factor structure and relationships with personality and forgivingness. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 383–388.
Enright, R. D., & the Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (Vol. 1, pp. 123–152). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Kodandaramayya, P. (2004). The message of Mahabharata: The nation’s magnum opus. Mumbai: Bharatya Vidya Bhavan.
McCullough, M. E., Bono, G., & Root, L. M. (2005). Religion and forgiveness. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 394–411). New York: Guilford.
Moucarry, C. (2004). The search for forgiveness: Pardon and punishment in Islam and Christianity. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press.
Mullet, E., & Azar, F. (2009). Apologies, repentance and forgiveness: A Muslim–Christian comparison. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 275–285.
Mullet, E., Barros, J., Frongia, L., Usai, V., Neto, F., & Rivière-Shafighi, S. (2003). Religious involvement and the forgiving personality. Journal of Personality, 71, 1–19.
Mullet, E., Girard, M., & Bakhshi, P. (2004). Conceptualizations of forgiveness. European Psychologist, 9, 78–86.
Neto, F., Pinto, C., Suwartono, C., Chiaramello, S., & Mullet, E. (2013). Seeking forgiveness: Factor structure in samples from Latin America, Africa, Asia and Southern Europe. Universitas Psychologica: Pan American Journal of Psychology, 12, 663–669.
Paz, R., Neto, F., & Mullet, E. (2007). Forgivingness: Similarities and differences between Buddhists and Christians living in China. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 17, 289–301.
Roberts, R. C. (1995). Forgivingness. American Philosophical Quarterly, 32, 289–306.
Rye, M. S., Pargament, K. I., Ali, M. A., Beck, G. L., Dorff, E. N., Hallisey, C., et al. (2000). Religious perspectives on forgiveness. In M. McCullough, K. Pargament, & C. Thoresen (Eds.), Frontiers of forgiveness (pp. 17–40). New York: Guilford.
Suchday, S., Friedberg, J. P., & Almeida, M. (2006). Forgiveness and rumination: A cross-cultural perspective comparing India and the US. Stress and Health, 22, 81–89.
Tripathi, A., & Mullet, E. (2010). Conceptualizations of forgiveness and forgivingness among Hindus. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 20, 255–266.
Vinsonneau, G., & Mullet, E. (2001). Willingness to forgive among young adolescents: An European-Maghrebi comparison. International Journal of Group Tensions, 30, 267–278.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Mullet, E., Neto, F. (2020). Forgiveness and Religious Tradition. In: Leeming, D.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_9365
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_9365
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-24347-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24348-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences