The matter of Jewish identity is complex and multifaceted. Judaism is typically described as the religious system of the Jews, based on the belief in one G-d who created the Earth and gave the Torah in a revelation to Moses at Mt. Sinai. The Jewish philosopher Rabbi Moses ben Maimon or Maimonides (1135–1204) set forth the 13 principles of faith, compiled from the 613 mitzvot or commandments found within the Torah (the five books of Moses). These encapsulate the essential requirements of Jewish belief in his commentary to the Mishnah (Sanhedrin, 10):
- 1.
Belief in the existence of the G-d the creator.
- 2.
G-d is unity.
- 3.
G-d is incorporeal.
- 4.
G-d is eternal.
- 5.
Prayers are to be directed to G-d alone.
- 6.
The words of the prophets are true.
- 7.
Moses was true and the chief of the prophets.
- 8.
The whole Torah now in our possession is that which was given to Moses.
- 9.
The Torah will not be changed
- 10.
G-d knows all of the deeds and thoughts of man.
- 11.
G-d rewards those that keep his...
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Gehl, N. (2020). Jewish Care and Counseling. In: Leeming, D.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_9239
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