This entry briefly outlines some of the varieties of psychotherapy practiced today and looks at the development of the relationship between psychotherapy and religion under two broad headings: independence and integration.
The Varieties of Psychotherapy
Freud (e.g., 1933) is usually credited with the discovery of the “talking cure” for psychiatric illness: psychoanalysis. Although in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, psychiatric illness was dealt with by medical practitioners, the chief disturbances are those of behavior, thinking, and feeling, often with no clear organic cause. The era of humane treatments had dawned, and pioneers such as Tuke, Pinel, and Dix had established humane institutions for the care of the insane, in England, France, and the USA, respectively. But effective medical treatments were lacking. Psychoanalysis, the talking cure developed by Freud, was not always totally effective in producing improvements, but it was sufficiently effective to...
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Loewenthal, K.M. (2020). Psychotherapy and Religion. In: Leeming, D.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_823
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