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Apelin

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology

  • 176 Accesses

Synonyms

AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; APJ endogenous ligand; APLN; XNPEP2

Definition

Apelin (APLN) is a small adipokine released primarily by adipose tissue. It is also expressed in many organs, including the brain, heart, lung, kidney, and stomach. It is a ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin is involved in many physiological processes, such as regulation of blood pressure, body fluid homeostasis, the endocrine stress response, cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism. It may also participate in pathological processes, including heart failure, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Basic Characteristic

Apelinergic System

Apelin is an endogenous peptide first isolated from the bovine stomach in 1998, encoded by the apelin gene APLNlocated on chromosome Xq25-26.1. Its receptor APJ (APLNR) belongs to the family of seven-transmembrane proteins and is closely related to the angiotensin receptor. Apelin is secreted by adipose tissue as a...

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References

  • Cheng J, Luo X, Huang Z, Chen L (2019) Apelin/APJ system: a potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. J Cell Physiol 234:12149–12160

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  • Huang Z, He L, Chen Z, Chen L (2018) Targeting drugs to APJ receptor: from signaling to pathophysiological effects. J Cell Physiol 234:61–74

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  • Kuba K, Sato T, Imai Y, Yamaguchi T (2019) Apelin and Elabela/Toddler; double ligands for APJ/Apelin receptor in heart development, physiology, and pathology. Peptides 111:62–70

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  • Luo H, Han L, Xu J (2019) Apelin/APJ system: a novel promising target for neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 235:638–657

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  • Tatemoto K, Hosoya M, Habata Y et al (1998) Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 251:471–476

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  • Wysocka MB, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D (2018) The role of apelin in cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancer. Front Physiol 9:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

    Marta Podgórska, Katarzyna Pietraszek-Gremplewicz & Dorota Nowak

Authors
  1. Marta Podgórska
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  2. Katarzyna Pietraszek-Gremplewicz
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  3. Dorota Nowak
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dorota Nowak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut Herz/Lungenforschg., Bad Nauheim, Hessen, Germany

    Stefan Offermanns

  2. Presidential Office, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Thüringen, Germany

    Walter Rosenthal

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Podgórska, M., Pietraszek-Gremplewicz, K., Nowak, D. (2020). Apelin. In: Offermanns, S., Rosenthal, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21573-6_10036-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21573-6_10036-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21573-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21573-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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