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Generation of Ear Cartilage for Auricular Reconstruction

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Organ Tissue Engineering

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering ((TIENRE))

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Abstract

Auricular reconstruction is among the most challenging surgical procedures in plastic and reconstructive surgery because of the lack of an ideal auricle substitute that can guarantee a long-lasting outcome while involving minimal donor site morbidity. Tissue-engineered cartilage may provide an ideal autologous solution. After the first report on generation of human ear-shaped cartilage in a nude mouse model in 1997, cartilages with human ear shape have been engineered in vitro, in nude mice, and in immunocompetent animals using various cells and scaffolds. Recently, our group reported a pilot clinical trial of in vitro engineered human ear-shaped cartilage and its clinical translation for auricular reconstruction. This bench-to-bed process spanning over the past two decades can provide an in-depth understanding of the development of cartilage tissue engineering for auricular reconstruction. The current chapter will illustrate the research achievements and application challenges inherent in generating translational tissue-engineered cartilage for auricular reconstruction, particularly focusing on the global trends and new research directions of each associated building block or step, namely, seed cells, scaffolds, three-dimensional printing, in vitro microenvironment simulation, preclinical evaluation, and clinical translation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the support from the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (19XD1431100).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Liu

  2. Shanghai Tissue Engineering Research Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Yilin Cao

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  1. Yu Liu
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  2. Yilin Cao
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Urologie, NORD1 B200, Universitäts Spital, Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Daniel Eberli

  2. Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA

    Sang Jin Lee

  3. Inst of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

    Andreas Traweger

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Liu, Y., Cao, Y. (2020). Generation of Ear Cartilage for Auricular Reconstruction. In: Eberli, D., Lee, S.J., Traweger, A. (eds) Organ Tissue Engineering. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18512-1_6-1

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