Abstract
The plant kingdom harbors a number of chemicals called phytoalexins, as natural products, which are secreted temporarily whenever plants are attacked by any kind of microbe or pathogen. The family Orchidaceae synthesizes phytoalexins in their system as defensive compounds. These bioactive compounds act as antimicrobials upon attack by any kind of microbe or fungi in orchids. There are few reports in literature regarding the phytoalexins. This chapter reviews phytoalexins in the monocot family Orchidaceae.
References
Braga MR et al (1991) Phytoalexins induction in Rubiacea. J Chem Ecol 17:1079–1090
Grayer RJ, Kokubun T (2015) Plant-fungal interactions: the search for phytoalexins and other antifungal compounds from higher plants. Phytochemistry 56:253–263
Arruda RL, Santana Paz AT, Freitas Bara MT, Côrtes MVCB, Filippi MCC, Conceição EC (2016) An approach on phytoalexins: function, characterization and biosynthesis in plants of the family Poaceae. Ciência Rural 46(7):1206–1216. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151164
Cavalcanti LS et al (2005) Aspectos bioquÃmicos e moleculares da resistência induzida. In: Cavalcanti LS et al (eds) Indução de resistência em plantas a patógenos e insetos, vol 81. FEALQ, Piracicaba, p 124
Boller AH, Corrodi F, Gaumann E et al (1957) Uber induzierte Abwehrstoffe bei Orchideen Pt. 1. Helv Chim Acta 40:1062–1066
Hardegger E, Schellenbaum M, Corrodi H (1963) Uber induzierte Abwehrstoffe bei Orchideen II. Helv Chim Acta 46:1171–1180
Ward EWB, Urwin CH, Stoessl A (1975) Loroglossal: an orchid phytoalexin. Phytopathology 65(5):632–633. Jeandet P, Delaunois B, Conreux A, Donnez D, Nuzzo V, Cordelier S, Clément C, Courot E (2010) Biosynthesis, metabolism, molecular engineering and biological functions of stilbene phytoalexins in plants. Biofactors 36:331–341
Jeandet P, Clément C, Courot E, Cordelier S (2013) Modulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in engineered plants for disease resistance. Int J Mol Sci 14:14136–14170
Ahuja I, Kissen R, Bones AM (2012) Phytoalexins in defence against pathogens. Trends Plant Sci 17(2):73–90
Jeandet P, Delaunois B, Conreux A, Donnez D (2010) Biosynthesis, metabolism, molecular engineering, and biological functions of stilbene phytoalexins in plants. Biofactors 36(5):331–341
Deavours BE, Dixon RA (2005) Metabolic engineering of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in alfalfa. Plant Physiol 138:2245–2259
Kaimoyo E, VanEtten HD (2008) Inactivation of pea genes by RNAi supports the involvement of two similar O-methyltransferases in the biosynthesis of (+)-pisatin and of chiral intermediates with a configuration opposite that found in (+)-pisatin. Phytochemistry 69:76–87
Schmelz EA, Huffaker A, Sims JW, Christensen SA, Lu X, Okada K, Peters RJ (2014) Biosynthesis, elicitation and roles of monocot terpenoid phytoalexins. Plant J 79:659–678
Müller K, Borger H (1940) Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber die Phytophthora-Resistenz der Kartoffel. Arb. BioI. Reichsanstalt, Berlin. Land-u Forstwirtsch. 23:189–231
Pedras MSC, Yaya EE, Glawischnig E (2011) The phytoalexins from cultivated and wild crucifers: chemistry and biology. Nat Prod Rep 28:1381–1405
Bednarek P (2012) Sulfur-containing secondary metabolites from Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae with function in plant immunity. Chembiochem 13:1846–1859
Favaron F, Lucchetta M, Odorizzi S, Cunha AT, Sella L (2009) The role of grape polyphenols on trans-resveratrol activity against Botrytis cinerea and of fungal laccase on the solubility of putative grape PR proteins. J Plant Pathol 91(3):579–588
Timperio AM, Alesndro AD, Fagioni M, Magro P (2012) Production of the phytoalexins trans-resveratrol and delta-viniferin in two economy-relevant grape cultivars upon infection with Botrytis cinerea in field conditions. Plant Physiol Biochem 50(1):65–71
Mercier J, Arul J, Ponnampalam R, Boulet M (1993) Induction of 6-methoxymellein and resistance to storage pathogens in carrot slices by UV-C. J Phytopathol 137:44–54
Hoffman R, Heale JB (1987) Cell death, 6-methoxymellein accumulation, and induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in carrot root slices. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 30:67–75
Kurosaki F, Nishi A (1983) Isolation and antimicrobial activity of the phytoalexin 6-methoxymellein from cultured carrot cells. Phytochemistry 22(3):669
Jeandet P (2015) Phytoalexins: current progress and future prospects. Molecules 20(2):2770–2774
Lopez MA, Bannenberg G, Castresana C (2008) Controlling hormone signaling is a plant and pathogen challenge for growth and survival. Curr Opin Plant Biol 11:420–427
Mialoundama AS, Heintz D, Debayle D, Rahier A, Camara B, Bouvier F (2009) Abscisic acid negatively regulates elicitor-induced synthesis of capsidiol in wild tobacco. Plant Physiol 150(3):1556–1566
Lee SK, Lee HJ, Min HY, Park EJ, Lee KM, Ahn YN, Cho YJ, Pyee JH (2005) Antibacterial and antifungal activity of pinosylvin, a constituent of pine. Fitoterapia 76(2):258–260
Reinecke T, Kindl H (1993) Characterization of bibenzyl synthase catalysing the biosynthesis of phytoalexins of orchids. Phytochemistry 35(1):63–66
Stoessl A, Arditti J (1984) Orchid phytoalexins. In: Arditti J (ed) Orchid biology, reviews and perspectives, III. Cornell University Press, Ithaca/London
Reinecke T, Kindl H (1994) Characterization of bibenzyl synthase catalysing the biosynthesis of phytoalexins of orchids. Phytochemistry 35:63–66
Burges A (1939) The defensive mechanism in orchid mycorrhiza. New Phytol 38(3):273–283
Acknowledgments
English language assistance from Dr. H.S. Sekhon is acknowledged with deep gratitude.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kaur, S. (2021). Phytoalexins in Orchids. In: Merillon, JM., Kodja, H. (eds) Orchids Phytochemistry, Biology and Horticulture. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11257-8_28-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11257-8_28-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11257-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11257-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics