Abstract
Recently, there is a growing demand of high-quality performance and improved properties of graphene-metal oxide which have generated an interest in the area of research with many potential applications in various technological fields. This book chapter put more emphasis on the enhancement of the piezoelectric and pyroelectric effect of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by the addition of graphene-metal oxide content via different methods. The PVDF film with graphene-metal oxide prepared by various processing methods will also be the focal point of discussion. The PVDF and graphene-metal oxide powders dispersed into dimethylformamide as solvent to form a sol solution and/or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NaDDBS) surfactant usage would be recommended in this book chapter discussion. The graphene-metal oxide particles in the sol solution and/or surfactant solution are polymerized through baking off the solvent and/or surfactant to produce a gel or material in a state of a continuous network of PVDF and graphene-metal oxide. The final annealing process pyrolyzes the gel/surfactant solution and forms a β-phase PVDF film with graphene-metal oxide concentration. A complete study on the process of the graphene-metal oxide content on PVDF matric would be highlighted in detailed discussion. Some crucial points and discussion about the process would be addressed based on various experimental procedures. The pivotal role of either dimethylformamide solvent or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NaDDBS) surfactant to some key issues of interfacial interaction and compatibility would be given attention in this work.
References
Abolhasani MM, Shirvanimoghaddam K, Naebe M (2017) PVDF/graphene composite nanofibers with enhanced piezoelectric performance for development of robust nanogenerators. Compos Sci Technol 138:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.11.017
Adnan MM, Dalod ARM, Balci MH, Glaum J, Einarsrud M-A (2018) In situ synthesis of hybrid inorganic–polymer nanocomposites. Polymers 10:1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101129
Al-Salem SM, Al-Dousari NM, Abraham GJ, D’Souza MA, Al-Qabandi OA, Al-Zakri W (2016) Effect of die head temperature at compounding stage on the degradation of linear low density polyethylene/plastic film waste blends after accelerated weathering. Int J Polym Sci 2016:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5147209
Amiri A, Zare-Zardini H, Shanbedi M, NewazKazi S, Taheri-Kafrani A, Chew BT, Zarrabi A 556 (2016). Microbial toxicity of different functional groups-treated carbon nanotubes. In book: Surface Chemistry of Nanobiomaterials, vol 3, pp 33–70. Edition: 1, Chapter: 2, Publisher: Elsevier, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Editors: Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-42861-3.00002-9
Ariff ZM, Ariffin A, Jikan SS, Rahim NAA (2012) Rheological Behaviour of Polypropylene Through Extrusion and Capillary Rheometry, Polypropylene, Dr. Fatih Dogan (Ed.), Intech, Rijeka, pp 29–48. ISBN: 978-953-51-0636-4
Bowen CR, Kim HA, Weaver PM, Dunn S (2014) Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials and structures for energy harvesting applications. Energy Environ Sci 7:25–27. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE42454E
Cai X, Lei T, Sun D, Lin L (2017) A critical analysis of the α, β and γ phases in poly(vinylidene fluoride) using FTIR. RSC Adv 7:15382–15389. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA01267E
Caradonna A, Badini C, Padovano E, Pietroluongo M (2019) Electrical and thermal conductivity of epoxy-carbon filler composites processed by calendaring. Materials 12:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091522
Cauda V, Canavese G, Stassi S (2015) Nanostructured piezoelectric polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 132:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.41667
Crescenzo AD, Ettorre V, Fontana A (2014) Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 5:1675–1690. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.178
Dai Z, Ansaloni L, Deng L (2016) Recent advances in the multi-layer composite polymeric membranes for CO2 separation: a review. Green Energy Environ 1:102–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2016.08.001
Das T, Sharma BK, Katiyar AK, Ahn J-H (2018) Graphene-based flexible and wearable electronics. J Semicond 39(1):011007–011019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/39/1/011007
Denning D, Guyonnet J, Rodriguez BJ (2016) Applications of piezoresponse force microscopy in materials research: from inorganic ferroelectrics to biopiezoelectrics and beyond. Int Mater Rev 16(1):46–70. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743280415Y.0000000013
Firdhouse MJ, Lalitha P (2015) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and its applications. J Nanotechnol 2015:1–18. Article ID 829526. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/829526
Fortunato M, Chandraiahgari CR, De Bellis G, Ballirano P, Sarto F, Tamburrano A, Sarto MS (2018) Piezoelectric effect and electroactive phase nucleation in self-standing films of unpoled PVDF nanocomposite films. Nano 8(743):1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090743
Fortunato M, Cavallini D, De Bellis G, Marra F, Tamburrano A, Sarto F, Sarto MS (2019) Phase inversion in PVDF films with enhanced piezoresponse through spin-coating and quenching. Polymers 11(7):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11071096
Gee S, Johnson B, Smith AL (2018) Optimizing electrospinning parameters for piezoelectric PVDF nanofiber membranes. J Membr Sci 563:804–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.050
George J, Sabapathi SN (2015) Cellulose nanocrystals: synthesis, functional properties, and applications. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 8:45–54. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S64386
Gruverman A, Alexe M, Meier D (2019) Piezoresponse force microscopy and nanoferroic phenomena. Nat Commun 10(1661):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09650-8
Han B, Yu X (2014) Effect of surfactants on pressure-sensitivity of CNT filled cement mortar composites. Front Mater 1(27):1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00027
Han B, Yu X, Kwon E, Ou J (2012) Effects of CNT concentration level and water/cement ratio on the piezoresistivity of CNT/cement composites. J Compos Mater 46:19–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998311401114
He L, Tjong S-C (2014) Electrical behaviour and positive temperature coefficient effect of graphene/polyvinylidene fluoride composites containing silver nanowires. Nanoscale Res Lett 9:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-375
Heath JP, Derek JHH, Sinclair DC, Dean JS (2019) Electric field enhancement in ceramic capacitors due to interface amplitude roughness. J Eur Ceram Soc 39(4):1170–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.10.033
Heinz H, Pramanik C, Heinz O, Ding Y, Mishra RK, Marchon D, Flatt RJ, Estrela-Lopis I, Llop J, Moya S, Ziolo RF (2017) Nanoparticle decoration with surfactants: molecular interactions, assembly, and applications. Surf Sci Rep 72(1):1–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.02.001
Iwamoto S, Yamamoto S, Lee S-H, Ito H, Endo T (2014) Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with lignocellulose nanofibers dried in melted ethylene-butene copolymer. Materials 7:6919–6929. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7106919
Jaleh B, Jabbari A (2014) Evaluation of reduced graphene oxide/ZnO effect on properties of PVDF nanocomposite films. Appl Surf Sci 320:339–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.09.030
Jing Q, Kar-Narayan S (2018) Nanostructured polymer-based piezoelectric and triboelectric materials and devices for energy harvesting applications. J Phys D Appl Phys 51:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aac827
Kang DH, Kang HW (2016) Surface energy characteristics of zeolite embedded PVDF nanofiber films with electrospinning process. Appl Surf Sci 387:82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.096
Kang SB, Won SH, Im MJ, Kim CU, Park WI, Baik JM, Choi KJ (2017) Enhanced piezoresponse of highly aligned electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers. Nanotechnology 28:395–402. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa7f6b
Ke K, Pötschke P, Jehnichen D, Fischer D, Voit B (2014) Achieving β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) from melt cooling: effect of surface functionalized carbon nanotubes. Polymer 55(2):611–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.014
Kharissova OV, Kharisov BI, Ortiz EGC (2013) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water and non-aqueous solvents. RSC Adv 3:24812–24852. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA43852J
Lai CY, Groth A, Gray S, Duke M (2014) Nanocomposites for improved physical durability of porous PVDF membranes. Membranes 4:55–78. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes4010055
Lamprecht C, Huzil JT, Ivanova MV, Foldvari M (2011) Non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with surfactants for pharmaceutical applications – a critical mini-review. Curr Drug Deliv 1(1):45–57. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210304x11101010045
Li J, Orrego S, Pan J, He P, Kang SH (2019) Ultrasensitive, flexible, and low-cost nanoporous piezoresistive composites for tactile pressure sensing. Nanoscale 11:2779–2786. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR09959F
Liu B, Dong M (2018) Tactile-sensing based on flexible PVDF nanofibers via electrospinning: a review. Sensors 18:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/S18020330
Liu C, Shen J, Liao CZ, Yeung KWK, Tjong SC (2018) Novel electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride-graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite membranes with protein and bacterial antifouling characteristics. Express Polym Lett 12(4):365–382. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2018
Lopes AC, Caparros C, Ferdov S, Lanceros-Mendez S (2013) Influence of zeolite structure and chemistry on the electrical response and crystallization phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride). J Mater Sci 48(5):2199–2206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6995-9
Marinho B, Ghislandi M, Tkalya E, Koning CE, de With G (2012) Electrical conductivity of compacts of graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and graphite powder. Powder Technol 221:351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.01.024
Martins P, Costa CM, Benelmekki M, Botelho G, Lanceros-Méndez S (2013) Interface characterization and thermal degradation of ferrite/poly(vinylidene fluoride) multiferroic nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 48:2681–2689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-7063-1
Martins P, Lopes AC, Lanceros-Mendez S (2014) Electroactive phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride): determination, processing and applications. Prog Polym Sci 39:683–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.006
Mishra S, Unnikrishnan L, Nayak SK, Mohanty S (2019) Advances in piezoelectric polymer composites for energy harvesting applications: a systematic review. Macromol Mater Eng 304:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800463
Modafferi V, Santangelo S, Fiore M, Fazio E, Triolo C, Patanè S, Ruffo R, Musolino MG (2019) Transition metal oxides on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites: evaluation of physicochemical properties. J Nanomater 2019:1–9. Article ID 1703218. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1703218
Mohebbi A, Mighri F, Ajji A, Rodrigue D (2018) Cellular polymer ferroelectret: a review on their development and their piezoelectric properties. Adv Polym Technol 37(2):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21686
Mokhena TC, Mochane MJ, Sefadi JS, Motloung SV, Andala DM (2018) Chapter 11: Thermal conductivity of graphite-based polymer composites. In: Shahzad A (ed) Impact of thermal conductivity on energy technologies. IntechOpen, Rijeka, pp 181–197. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75676
Naz A, Kausar A, Siddiq M, Choudhary MA (2016) Comparative review on structure, properties, fabrication techniques, and relevance of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotube and graphite fillers. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 55(2):171–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2015.1055504
Negin C, Ali S, Xie Q (2017) Most common surfactants employed in chemical enhanced oil recovery. Petroleum 3(2):197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2016.11.007
Park MS, Kim FS (2019) Synergistic effects of processing additives and thermal annealing on nanomorphology and hole mobility of poly (3-hexylthiophene) thin films. Polymers 11(1):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11010112
Plesa I, Notingher PV, Schlögl S, Sumereder C, Muhr M (2016) Properties of polymer composites used in high-voltage applications. Polymers 8(5):1–63. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8050173
Ponnamma D, Erturk A, Parangusan H, Deshmukh K, Ahamed MB, Al-Maadeed MAA (2018) Stretchable quaternary phasic PVDF-HFP nanocomposite films containing graphene–titania–SrTiO3 for mechanical energy harvesting. Emerg Mater 1(1–2):55–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-018-0007-z
Punetha VD, Rana S, Yoo HJ, Chaurasia A, McLeskey JT Jr, Ramasamy MS, Sahoo NG, Cho JW (2017) Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials for advanced polymer nanocomposites: a comparison study between CNT and graphene. Prog Polym Sci 67:1–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.12.010
Raffa P, Broekhuis AA, Picchioni F (2016) Polymeric surfactants for enhanced oil recovery: a review. J Pet Sci Eng 145:723–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.07.007
Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Singh P (2019) Photocatalytic water decontamination using graphene and ZnO coupled photocatalysts: a review. Mater Sci Energy Technol 2(3):509–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.04.007
Ruan L, Yao X, Chang Y, Zhou L, Qin G, Zhang X (2018) Properties and applications of the β phase poly(vinylidene fluoride). Polymers 10:1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10030228
Salehiyan R, Ray SS (2019) Tuning the conductivity of nanocomposites through nanoparticle migration and interface crossing in immiscible polymer blends: a review on fundamental understanding. Macromol Mater Eng 304:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800431
Salzano de Luna M, Pellegrino L, Daghetta M, Mazzocchia CV, Acierno D, Filippone G (2013) Importance of the morphology and structure of the primary aggregates for the dispersibility of carbon nanotubes in polymer melts. Compos Sci Technol 85:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.05.014
Sappati KK, Bhadra S (2018) Piezoelectric polymer and paper substrates: a review. Sensors 18:2–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113605
Sebastian M, Jantunen H (2010) Polymer–ceramic composites of 0–3 connectivity for circuits in electronics: a review. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 7(4):415–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02482.x
Sebastian MS, Larrea A, Gonçalves R, Alejo T, Vilas JL, Sebastian V, Martins P, Lanceros-Mendez S (2016) Understanding nucleation of the electroactive β-phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) by nanostructures. RSC Adv 6:113007–113015. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA24356H
Sencadas V, Martins P, Pitães A, Benelmekki M, Ribelles JLG, Lanceros-Méndez S (2011) Influence of ferrite nanoparticle type and content on the crystallization kinetics and electroactive phase nucleation of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Langmuir 27(11):7241–7249. https://doi.org/10.1021/la2008864
Sheheri SZA, Al-Amshany ZM, Al Sulami QA, Tashkandi NY, Hussein MA, El-Shishtawy RM (2019) The preparation of carbon nanofillers and their role on the performance of variable polymer nanocomposites. Des Monomers Polym 22(1):8–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2019.1565664
Sheng JJ (2015) Status of surfactant EOR technology. Petroleum 1(2):97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2015.07.003
Song S, Xia S, Jiang S, Lv X, Sun S, Li Q (2018) A facile strategy to enhance the dielectric and mechanical properties of MWCNTs/PVDF composites with the aid of MMA-co-GMA copolymer. Materials 11(3):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11030347
Šoška P, Felgerová K, Zemanová M (2017) The corrosion of carbon steel in nitrate hydrates used as phase change materials. Mater Corros 68(4):416–422. https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201609160
Tsonos C, Pandis C, Soin N, Sakellari D, Myrovali E, Kripotou S, Kanapitsas A, Siores E (2015) Multifunctional nanocomposites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) reinforced by carbon nanotubes and magnetite nanoparticles. Express Polym Lett 9(12):1104–1118. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.99
Usher TD, Cousins KR, Zhang R (2018) The promise of piezoelectric polymers. Polym Int 67(7):790–798. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5584
Xia W, Zhang Z (2018) PVDF-based dielectric polymers and their applications in electronic materials. IET Nanodielectrics 1(1):17–31. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nde.2018.0001
Zaarour B, Zhu L, Jin X (2019) Controlling the surface structure, mechanical properties, crystallinity, and piezoelectric properties of electrospun PVDF nanofibers by maneuvering molecular weight. Soft Mater 17(2):181–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2019.1582542
Zeman S, Elbeih A (2013) Thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of Viton A bonded explosives containing attractive cyclic nitramines. Thermochim Acta 562:56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2013.03.041
Zheng Y, Zhang J, Sun X, Li H, Ren Z, Yan S (2017) Crystal structure regulation of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) via controlled melt–recrystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 56(15):4580–4587. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00543
Zhong Y, Xia X, Mai W, Fan HJ (2017) Integration of energy harvesting and electrochemical storage devices. Adv Mater Technol 2(12):1700182. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201700182
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Sefadi, J.S., Mochane, M.J., Gumede, T.P., Malebo, N.J., Mokhena, T.C. (2020). Graphene-Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Effect of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF). In: Hussain, C., Thomas, S. (eds) Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10614-0_34-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10614-0_34-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10614-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10614-0
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics