Introduction
Digital technologies can change major aspects of our lives including communication, socialization, and learning. The use of technology for learning in today’s world may seem a relatively recent phenomenon. It may come as a surprise to learn that the use of technology in flexible and distance contexts is not new. Fields of study that encompass distance education, online learning, human–computer interaction, and computer-supported collaborative learning have all contributed to a rapidly growing body of research that seeks to understand the experiences and behaviors of learners and faculty in technology enabled learning environments. Research to date demonstrates that the effective use of digital technologies in distance and flexible contexts is a complex endeavor.
Distance and flexible learning has a rich history that dates back decades. Findings from this...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen M, Momori K, Burrell N, Mabry E, Timmerman E (2013) Satisfaction with distance education. In: Moore MG (ed) Handbook of distance education, 3rd edn. Routledge, New York, pp 143–154
Anderson T (2008a) Teaching in an online context. In: Anderson T (ed) Theory and practice of online learning, 2nd edn. AU Press, Edmonton, pp 343–366. Retrieved from http://www.aupress.ca/index.php/books/120146. AU Press
Anderson T (2008b) Toward a theory of online learning. In: Anderson T (ed) Theory and practice of online learning, 2nd edn. AU Press, Edmonton, pp 45–74. Retrieved from http://www.aupress.ca/index.php/books/120146
Anderson W (2013) Independent learning: autonomy, control, and meta-cognition. In: Moore MG (ed) Handbook of distance education, 3rd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 86–103
Anderson T (2016) Theories for learning with emerging technologies. AU Press, Edmonton
Collis B, Moonen J (2001) Flexible learning in a digital world: experiences and expectations. Open and distance learning series. Kogan Page, London
Dron J (2007) Control and constraint in e-learning: choosing when to choose. Information Science, Hershey
Dyke M, Conole G, Ravenscroft A, de Freitas S (2007) Learning theory and its application to e-learning. In: Conole G, Oliver M (eds) Contemporary perspectives in e-learning research: themes, methods and impact on practice. Routledge, London, pp 82–97
Friesen N, Kuskis A (2013) Modes of interaction. In: Moore MG (ed) Handbook of distance education, 3rd edn. Routledge, New York, pp 351–371
Garrison DR, Anderson T, Archer W (2000) Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: computer conferencing in higher education. Internet High Educ 2:87–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
Gibson JJ (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston
Gros B (2016) The dialogue between emerging pedagogies and emerging technologies. In: Gros B, Kinshuk, Maina M (eds) The future of ubiquitous learning: learning designs for emerging pedagogies. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47724-3_1
Hartnett M (2016) Motivation in online education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0700-2
Hutchby I (2001) Technologies, texts and affordances. Sociology 35:441–456
Jeong H, Hmelo-Silver CE (2016) Seven affordances of computer-supported collaborative learning: how to support collaborative learning? How can technologies help? Educ Psychol 51:247–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2016.1158654
Liu DY-T, Bartimote-Aufflick K, Pardo A, Bridgeman AJ (2017) Data-driven personalization of student learning support in higher education. In: Peña-Ayala A (ed) Learning analytics: fundaments, applications, and trends: a view of the current state of the art to enhance e-learning. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 143–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52977-6_5
McFarlane A (2014) Authentic learning for the digital generation: realising the potential of technology in the classroom. Taylor and Francis, Florence
McLoughlin C, Lee MJW (2007) Social software and participatory learning: pedagogical choices with technology affordances in the Web 2.0 era. In: ICT: providing choices for learners and learning. Proceedings ascilite Singapore 2007. http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/singapore07/procs/mcloughlin.pdf
Moore MG (2013a) Learning, learners, and learner support: an overview. In: Moore MG (ed) Handbook of distance education, 3rd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 121–123
Moore MG (2013b) The theory of transactional distance. In: Moore MG (ed) Handbook of distance education, 3rd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 66–87
Moore MG, Kearsley G (2012) Distance education: a systems view of online learning, 3rd edn. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont
Nipper S (1989) Third generation distance learning and computer conferencing. In: Mason R, Kaye A (eds) Mindweave: communication, computers and distance education. Permagon Press, Oxford, pp 63–73
Norman DA (1988) The psychology of everyday things. Basic Books, New York
Rovai AP (2002) Sense of community, perceived cognitive learning, and persistence in asynchronous learning networks. Internet High Educ 5:319–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00130-6
Rovai AP (2007) Facilitating online discussions effectively. Internet High Educ 10:77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.10.001
Shattuck K (2013) Faculty participation in online distance education. In: Moore MG (ed) Handbook of distance education, 3rd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 390–402
Siemens G (2005) Connectivism: a learning theory for the digital age. Int J Instr Technol Dist Learn 2:3–10
Sumner J (2000) Serving the system: a critical history of distance education. Open Learn 15:265–285
Taylor JC (2001) Fifth generation distance education. Instr Sci Technol 4:1–14
Wong L-H, Looi C-K (2011) What seams do we remove in mobile-assisted seamless learning? A critical review of the literature. Comput Educ 57:2364–2381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.06.007
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Hartnett, M. (2020). Flexible and Distance Learning. In: Tatnall, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_67
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_67
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10575-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10576-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceReference Module Computer Science and Engineering