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Allergy and Asthma pp 305–351Cite as

Childhood Asthma

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Abstract

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in childhood. Although much progress has been made in the last decades in understanding the pathophysiology and management of asthma, the diagnosis and treatment of early childhood asthma remain great challenges. Due to the heterogeneity of asthma symptoms in childhood, it has been difficult to establish a clear and coherent definition of asthma in this population. Currently, in older children, the diagnosis of asthma is made similarly to that in adults and is based on chronic inflammation associated with airway hyper-responsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. However, the use of exhaled nitric oxide, bronchial challenge testing, and spirometry are often not feasible or reliable in younger children. In young children, the diagnosis of asthma is mostly based on symptom history, risk of allergic disease, and physical findings in the absence of respiratory tract infections. In all age groups, current asthma management guidelines focus on a stepwise approach to symptom and risk control while addressing comorbidities and other modifiable risk factors such as inhaler technique, treatment adherence, and environmental exposures. Asthma remains the leading cause of childhood morbidity from chronic disease as measured by rates of emergency department visits, length of hospitalization, and unscheduled school absences. Therefore, ongoing advances in the understanding of childhood asthma, the factors contributing to its development (both genetic and environmental), preventative strategies addressing these risks, and novel treatment options will continue to be crucial clinical considerations in the years to come.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Respiratory and Lung Functional Exploration Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France

    Sy Duong-Quy

  2. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Health. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

    Sy Duong-Quy & Krista Todoric

  3. Penn State Hershey Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Hershey, PA, USA

    Krista Todoric

Authors
  1. Sy Duong-Quy
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  2. Krista Todoric
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sy Duong-Quy .

Section Editor information

  1. Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Dennis K. Ledford

  2. Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA

    Timothy Craig

  3. Division of Allergy & Immunology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital, Asthma and Immunology Associates of Tampa Bay, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Dennis K. Ledford

  4. Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

    Timothy Craig

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Duong-Quy, S., Todoric, K. (2019). Childhood Asthma. In: Allergy and Asthma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05147-1_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05147-1_14

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