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Balanced Scorecard

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management

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Synonyms

Strategic scorecard

Definition

A balanced scorecard (BSC) is defined as a management system, a framework designed for performance measurement at a strategic level for an entire organization. This solution was proposed by a team of 12 business representatives led by Robert S. Kaplan and David N. Norton in 1992 (Kaplan and Norton 1992). In their seminal paper, Kaplan and Norton initially referred the BSC as a set of measures divided into four interrelated categories: customer, finance, internal business, and (organizational) innovation and learning. Each of these perspectives addresses questions for management to answer. Their aim was to help to develop objectives, measures (KPIs), targets, and initiatives from the perspective of the identified categories. The customer perspective as its name implies takes the clients’ viewpoint. The financial perspective includes a shareholders’ perception of the organization’s performance. The internal perspective focuses on processes which...

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References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Management, Cracow University of Economics, Cracow, Poland

    Marek Ćwiklicki

Authors
  1. Marek Ćwiklicki
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marek Ćwiklicki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. London Metropolitan University, Guildhall Faculty of Business and Law London Metropolitan University, London, UK

    Samuel Idowu

  2. Cologne Business School, Ingolstadt, Germany

    René Schmidpeter

  3. College of Business, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Nicholas Capaldi

  4. International Training Centre of the IL, International Labor Organization, Turin, Italy

    Liangrong Zu

  5. Department of Economics, Society and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy

    Mara Del Baldo

  6. Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal

    Rute Abreu

Section Editor information

  1. School of Law & Justice, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia

    Benedict Sheehy

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Ćwiklicki, M. (2021). Balanced Scorecard. In: Idowu, S., Schmidpeter, R., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Del Baldo, M., Abreu, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_378-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_378-1

  • Received:

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02006-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02006-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

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