Glossary
- Asymptotic density:
-
The proportion of sites in a lattice occupied by a specified subset is called asymptotic density or, in short, density.
- Asymptotic shape:
-
The shape of a growing set, viewed from a sufficient distance so that the boundary fluctuations, holes, and other lower order details disappear, is called the asymptotic shape.
- Cellular automaton:
-
A cellular automaton is a sequence of configurations on a lattice which proceeds by iterative applications of a homogeneous local update rule. A configuration attaches a state to every member (also termed a site or a cell) of the lattice. Only configurations with two states, coded 0 and 1, are considered here. Any such configuration is identified with its set of 1’s.
- Final set:
-
A site whose state changes only finitely many times is said to fixate or attain a final state. If this happens for every site, then the sites whose final states are 1 comprise the final set.
- Initial set:
-
A starting set for a cellular automaton evolution...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Primary Literature
Adamatzky A, MartÃnez GJ, Mora JCST (2006) Phenomenology of reaction-diffusion binary-state cellular automata. Int J Bifurc Chaos Appl Sci Eng 16:2985–3005
Adler J (1991) Bootstrap percolation. Phys A 171:453–4170
Adler J, Staufer D, Aharony A (1989) Comparison of bootstrap percolation models. J Phys A: Math Gen 22:L279–L301
Aizenman M, Lebowitz J (1988) Metastability effects in bootstrap percolation. J Phys A: Math Gen 21:3801–3813
Allouche J-P, Shallit J (2003) Automatic sequences: theory, applications, generalizations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Andjel E, Mountford TS, Schonmann RH (1995) Equivalence of decay rates for bootstrap percolation like cellular automata. Ann Inst H Poincaré 31:13–25
Berlekamp ER, Conway JH, Guy RK (2004) Winning ways for your mathematical plays, vol 4, 2nd edn. Peters, Natick
Bohman T (1999) Discrete threshold growth dynamics are omnivorous for box neighborhoods. Trans Am Math Soc 351:947–983
Bohman T, Gravner J (1999) Random threshold growth dynamics. Random Struct Algorithms 15:93–111
Bramson M, Neuhauser C (1994) Survival of one-dimensional cellular automata under random perturbations. Ann Probab 22:244–263
Brummitt CD, Delventhal H, Retzlaff M (2008) Packard snowflakes on the von Neumann neighborhood. J Cell Autom 3:57–80
Bäck T, Dörnemann H, Hammel U, Frankhauser P (1996) Modeling urban growth by cellular automata. In: Lecture notes in computer science. Proceedings of the 4th international conference on parallel problem solving from nature, vol 1141. Springer, Berlin, pp 636–645
Cerf R, Cirillo ENM (1999) Finite size scaling in three-dimensional bootstrap percolation. Ann Probab 27:1837–1850
Cerf R, Manzo F (2002) The threshold regime of finite volume bootstrap percolation. Stoch Process Appl 101:69–82
Chopard B, Droz M (1998) Cellular automata modeling of physical systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Cobham A (1972) Uniform tag sequences. Math Syst Theory 6:164–192
Cook M (2005) Universality in elementary cellular automata. Complex Syst 15:1–40
Deutsch A, Dormann S (2005) Cellular automata modeling of biological pattern formation. Birkhäuser, Boston
Durrett R, Steif JE (1991) Some rigorous results for the Greenberg-Hastings model. J Theor Probab 4:669–690
Durrett R, Steif JE (1993) Fixation results for threshold voter systems. Ann Probab 21:232–247
Eppstein D (2002) Searching for spaceships. In: More games of no chance (Berkeley, CA, 2000). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 351–360
Evans KM (2001) Larger than life: digital creatures in a family of two-dimensional cellular automata. In: Cori R, Mazoyer J, Morvan M, Mosseri R (eds) Discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science, vol AA. pp 177–192
Evans KM (2003) Replicators and larger than life examples. In: Griffeath D, Moore C (eds) New constructions in cellular automata. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 119–159
Fisch R, Gravner J, Griffeath D (1991) Threshold-range scaling for the excitable cellular automata. Stat Comput 1:23–39
Fisch R, Gravner J, Griffeath D (1993) Metastability in the Greenberg-Hastings model. Ann Appl Probab 3:935–967
Gardner M (1976) Mathematical games. Sci Am 133:124–128
Goles E, Martinez S (1990) Neural and automata networks. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Gotts NM (2003) Self-organized construction in sparse random arrays of Conway’s game of life. In: Griffeath D, Moore C (eds) New constructions in cellular automata. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 1–53
Gravner J, Griffeath D (1993) Threshold growth dynamics. Trans Am Math Soc 340:837–870
Gravner J, Griffeath D (1996) First passage times for the threshold growth dynamics on. Ann Probab 24:1752–1778
Gravner J, Griffeath D (1997a) Multitype threshold voter model and convergence to Poisson-Voronoi tessellation. Ann Appl Probab 7:615–647
Gravner J, Griffeath D (1997b) Nucleation parameters in discrete threshold growth dynamics. Exp Math 6:207–220
Gravner J, Griffeath D (1998) Cellular automaton growth on: theorems, examples and problems. Adv Appl Math 21:241–304
Gravner J, Griffeath D (1999a) Reverse shapes in first-passage percolation and related growth models. In: Bramson M, Durrett R (eds) Perplexing problems in probability. Festschrift in honor of Harry Kesten. Birkhäuser, Boston, pp 121–142
Gravner J, Griffeath D (1999b) Scaling laws for a class of critical cellular automaton growth rules. In: Révész P, Tóth B (eds) Random walks. János Bolyai Mathematical Society, Budapest, pp 167–186
Gravner J, Griffeath D (2006a) Modeling snow crystal growth. I. Rigorous results for Packard’s digit snowflakes. Exp Math 15:421–444
Gravner J, Griffeath D (2006b) Random growth models with polygonal shapes. Ann Probab 34:181–218
Gravner J, Holroyd AE (2008) Slow convergence in bootstrap percolation. Ann Appl Probab 18:909–928
Gravner J, Mastronarde N Shapes in deterministic and random growth models (in preparation)
Gravner J, McDonald E (1997) Bootstrap percolation in a polluted environment. J Stat Phys 87:915–927
Gravner J, Tracy C, Widom H (2002) A growth model in a random environment. Ann Probab 30:1340–1368
Greenberg J, Hastings S (1978) Spatial patterns for discrete models of diffusion in excitable media. SIAM J Appl Math 4:515–523
Griffeath D (1994) Self-organization of random cellular automata: four snapshots. In: Grimmett G (ed) Probability and phase transition. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 49–67
Griffeath D, Hickerson D (2003) A two-dimensional cellular automaton with irrational density. In: Griffeath D, Moore C (eds) New constructions in cellular automata. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 119–159
Griffeath D, Moore C (1996) Life without death is P-complete. Complex Syst 10:437–447
Holroyd AE (2003) Sharp metastability threshold for two-dimensional bootstrap percolation. Probab Theory Relat Fields 125:195–224
Holroyd AE (2006) The metastability threshold for modified bootstrap percolation in d dimensions. Electron J Probab 11:418–433
Holroyd AE, Liggett TM, Romik D (2004) Integrals, partitions, and cellular automata. Trans Am Math Soc 356:3349–3368
Jen E (1991) Exact solvability and quasiperiodicity of one-dimensional cellular automata. Nonlinearity 4:251–276
Kier LB, Seybold PG, Cheng C-K (2005) Cellular automata modeling of chemical systems. Springer, Dordrecht
Lindgren K, Nordahl MG (1994) Evolutionary dynamics of spatial games. Phys D 75:292–309
Meakin P (1998) Fractals, scaling and growth far from equilibrium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Packard NH (1984) Lattice models for solidification and aggregation. Institute for advanced study preprint. Reprinted in: Wolfram S (ed) (1986) Theory and application of cellular automata. World Scientific, Singapore, pp 305–310
Packard NH, Wolfram S (1985) Two-dimensional cellular automata. J Stat Phys 38:901–946
Pimpinelli A, Villain J (1999) Physics of crystal growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Schonmann RH (1992) On the behavior of some cellular automata related to bootstrap percolation. Ann Probab 20:174–193
Schonmann RH (1990) Finite size scaling behavior of a biased majority rule cellular automaton. Phys A 167:619–627
Song M (2005) Geometric evolutions driven by threshold dynamics. Interfaces Free Bound 7:303–318
Toffoli T, Margolus N (1997) Cellular automata machines. MIT Press, Cambridge
van Enter ACD (1987) Proof of Straley’s argument for bootstrap percolation. J Stat Phys 48:943–945
van Enter ACD, Hulshof T (2007) Finite-size effects for anisotropic bootstrap percolation: logarithmic corrections. J Stat Phys 128:1383–1389
Vichniac GY (1984) Simulating physics with cellular automata. Phys D 10:96–116
Vichniac GY (1986) Cellular automata models of disorder and organization. In: Bienenstock E, Fogelman-Soulie F, Weisbuch G (eds) Disordered systems and biological organization. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–20
Wiener N, Rosenblueth A (1946) The math foundation of the problem of conduction of impulses in a network of connected excitable elements, specifically in cardiac muscle. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 16:205–265
Willson SJ (1978) On convergence of configurations. Discret Math 23:279–300
Willson SJ (1984) Cellular automata can generate fractals. Discret Appl Math 8:91–99
Willson SJ (1987) Computing fractal dimensions for additive cellular automata. Phys D 24:190–206
Wójtowicz M (2001) Mirek’s celebration: a 1D and 2D cellular automata explorer, version 4.20. http://www.mirwoj.opus.chelm.pl/ca/
Books and Reviews
Adamatzky A (1995) Identification of cellular automata. Taylor & Francis, London
Allouche J-P, Courbage M, Kung J, Skordev G (2001) Cellular automata. In: Encyclopedia of physical science and technology, vol 2, 3rd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 555–567
Allouche J-P, Courbage M, Skordev G (2001b) Notes on cellular automata. Cubo, Matemática Educ 3:213–244
Durrett R (1988) Lecture notes on particle systems and percolation. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove
Durrett R (1999) Stochastic spatial models. SIAM Rev 41:677–718
Gravner J (2003) Growth phenomena in cellular automata. In: Griffeath D, Moore C (eds) New constructions in cellular automata. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 161–181
Holroyd AE (2007) Astonishing cellular automata. Bull Centre Rech Math 10:10–13
Ilachinsky A (2001) Cellular automata: a discrete universe. World Scientific, Singapore
Liggett TM (1985) Interacting particle systems. Springer, New York
Liggett TM (1999) Stochastic interacting systems: contact, voter and exclusion processes. Springer, New York
Rothman DH, Zaleski S (1997) Lattice-gas cellular automata. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Toom A (1995) Cellular automata with errors: problems for students of probability. In: Snell JL (ed) Topics in contemporary probability and its applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 117–157
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gravner, J. (2018). Growth Phenomena in Cellular Automata. In: Adamatzky, A. (eds) Cellular Automata. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8700-9_266
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8700-9_266
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8699-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8700-9
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics