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Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Pancreatic Cancer

  • Jens Werner
  • Stephan Herzig
Reference work entry
First Online:

Abstract

Paraneoplastic syndromes are defined as signs and symptoms which present distant to the site of primary cancer or metastases. However, they are closely associated with the malignant disease and comprise metabolic, dystrophic, and/or degenerative symptoms, which are consequences of humoral or hormonal factors. The clinical symptoms vary widely and include systemic and organ-specific manifestations. In some cases, these can become the major clinical problems determining survival. Systemic manifestations include frequent symptoms of pancreatic cancer patients such as fever and cachexia. Organ-specific symptoms may represent as cutaneous, neurological, hematological, or endocrine symptoms. A special focus of this chapter is on diabetes mellitus associated with pancreatic tumors. The best-understood syndromes result from tumor production of biologically active substances or, to a lesser extent, from autoimmune phenomena. Biological active agents may promote the growth of the tumor directly. In turn, growth-promoting agents of this type may become the focus of new approaches to anticancer treatment. After successful treatment of the underlying malignant disease, paraneoplastic symptoms may resolve completely. Thus, early recognition of paraneoplastic syndromes is very important in the management of patients with pancreatic cancer. In the following chapter, the most common paraneoplastic syndromes are described in detail.

Keywords

Paraneoplastic syndrome Systemic manifestation Organ-specific manifestation Diagnostic value Treatment options Monitoring of disease progression Diabetes mellitus Fever Cachexia Cutaneous manifestation Neurological manifestation Hematologic symptoms Pancreatic enzymes and metabolism 
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Surgery, University HospitalLudwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunichGermany
  2. 2.Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
  3. 3.Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany

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