Definition
Acetylation is a protein post translational modification (PTM) catalyzed by a family of cellular enzymes named histone acetyltransferases (HATs). HATs catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the ε-amine group of specific lysine residues of protein substrates. The addition of an acetyl group alters the positive charge of specific lysines, thus modifying the electrostatic properties of the proteins targeted by HATs. The protein chemical modification occurring following acetylation results in modified protein functions. Proteins modified by acetylation might be both of cellular or viral origins.
The Diversity of HATs
Acetylation together with other types of PTMs (e.g., sumoylation, phosphorylation) extends the range of possible molecular structures beyond the limits imposed by the twenty encoded amino acids and, if reversible, gives a means of control and signaling.
In the past decades, protein acetylation has been widely explored...
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Cereseto, A. (2018). Acetylation. In: Hope, T.J., Richman, D.D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_86
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_86
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