Definition
Opiate abuse is a major global health concern, due to the fact that the HIV infection frequently occurs in individuals who abuse opiates. Both clinical and preclinical evidences show that opiate abuse impairs resistance to opportunistic infections and alters both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, opiate use results in greater susceptibility to the development of neurodegeneration that can occur in association with HIV infection. Opioid drugs, most notably morphine and heroin, exert both pro- and antiinflammatory activities for the immune system and, following HIV infection, can exert direct neurotoxic effects on neuronal cells. In addition, opiate administration exacerbates the neurotoxic properties of some of the HIV products, and these drugs can alter blood-brain barrier integrity. Finally, the activation of opioid receptors by morphine or heroin can alter both the expression and function of the major HIV coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4. Taken together, opiate abuse has...
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Rogers, T.J. (2018). Comorbidity: Opioids. In: Hope, T.J., Richman, D.D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_214
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_214
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