Definition
The term immune activation describes the activation of the cellular components of the immune system, which may in turn lead to systemic inflammation. It is usually detected by the expression of cellular or soluble markers derived from innate or adaptive immune responses. Immune activation is associated with HIV disease progression as well as the increased morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients despite antiretroviral therapy. A number of interventions that target immune activation have been or are being investigated. Currently, there is no conclusive evidence that interventions other than antiretroviral therapy (ART) lead to clinical benefit.
Introduction
HIV infection is characterized by a global activation of the immune system. Cellular activation is evident in T cells with higher CD38 and HLA-DR expression, in NK cells with higher CD69 and HLA-DR expression, in monocytes with higher expression of CD16 and tissue factor (TF), and in B cells manifesting as...
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID/NIH.
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Hsu, D.C., Sereti, I. (2018). Chronic Immune Activation in HIV. In: Hope, T.J., Richman, D.D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_178
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