Glossary
- Electrochemically active surface area (ECSA):
-
The surface area of Pt catalyst that is electrochemically active, requiring access to both protons and electrons. It is generally normalized to Pt mass (e.g., m2/gPt), and is the primary measure of Pt dispersion.
- Fuel cell catalyst:
-
Materials that catalyze the electrochemical reactions. Pt or Pt alloy nanoparticles (3–5 nm in diameter) deposited on carbon blacks are commonly used with the goal of maximizing the available reaction site surface area per Pt mass.
- Hydrogen PEMFC vehicle:
-
Vehicle that uses proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as its primary power generator, commonly known as fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV). It uses pure hydrogen gas fuel reacting electrochemically with oxygen gas from the atmosphere to generate electricity and emit only water. Generally requires Pt as electrocatalyst on both anode and cathode.
- Ionomer:
-
Ion conducting polymer is used in the membrane and electrodes. In PEMFCs, the conducted ion is...
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Gu W, Baker DR, Liu Y, Gasteiger HA (2009) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) down-the-channel performance model. In: Vielstich W, Gasteiger HA, Lamm A, Yokokawa H (eds) Handbook of fuel cells: fundamentals, technology and applications. Wiley, Hoboken
Kongkanand A, Mathias MF (2016) The priority and challenge of high-power performance of low-platinum proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. J Phys Chem Lett 7(7):1127–1137
Kusoglu A, Weber AZ (2017) New insights into perfluorinated sulfonic-acid ionomers. Chem Rev 117(3):987
Weber AZ, Kusoglu A (2014) Unexplained transport resistances for low-loaded fuel-cell catalyst layers. J Mater Chem A 2(c):17207–17211
Zhang J (2013) PEM fuel cells and platinum-based electrocatalysts. In: Kreuer K-D (ed) Fuel cells: selected entries from the encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology. Springer, New York, pp 305–340
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under grant DE-EE0007271.
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Kongkanand, A., Gu, W., Mathias, M.F. (2018). Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Low-Pt Content. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1022-1
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