Glossary
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs):
-
are energy conversion devices that transform chemical energy in a fuel directly to electricity by means of two electrochemical reactions divided by a proton conductive membrane.
- Mathematical modeling:
-
is the development of partial differential equations for describing the physical and electrochemical processes that govern a physicochemical system, in this entry, a PEMFC.
- Numerical modeling:
-
is the development of numerical analysis and software tools to solve the partial differential equations that describe a physicochemical system, in this entry, a PEMFC.
- Gas diffusion layers (GDL) :
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are porous, electrically conductive layers made of carbon fibers, a binder, and usually coated with PTFE that are placed between a fuel cell gas channel and the catalyst layer.
- Catalyst layers (CLs):
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are porous, electronically and ionically conductive composite layers made of ionomer and supported catalysts. They are the heart of the fuel cell as it is...
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Abbreviations
- \( {\overline{C}}_p \) :
-
Molar specific heat, [J mol −1 K −1]
- \( \overline{H} \) :
-
Enthalpy, [J]
- \( \dot{W} \) :
-
Rate of work done by the system, [W cm −3]
- g :
-
Gravity vector field, [cm s −2]]
- \( {\widehat{C}}_p \) :
-
Specific heat, [J g −1 K −1]
- \( \widehat{h} \) :
-
Specific enthalpy, [J g −1]
- \( \widehat{u} \) :
-
Specific internal energy, [J g −1]
- \( \widehat{\boldsymbol{N}} \) :
-
Mass flux, [g cm −2 s −1]
- \( \mathcal{D} \) :
-
Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficient, [ cm 2 s −1]
- N :
-
Molar flux, [mol cm −2 s −1]
- q :
-
Molecular heat flux, [W cm −2 K −1]
- n :
-
Outward normal vector
- \( \widehat{\boldsymbol{K}} \) :
-
Permeability tensor, [cm 2]
- v :
-
Velocity, [cm s −1]
- A v :
-
Active area of Pt per unit volume of catalyst layer, [cm 2 cm −3]
- a w :
-
Water activity
- a lv :
-
Liquid-gas interfacial surface area per unit volume, [cm 2 cm −3]
- c :
-
Molar concentration, [mol cm −3]
- C k :
-
Volume fraction of fluid k
- D :
-
Fick’s diffusion coefficient, [cm 2 s −1]
- D K :
-
Knudsen diffusion coefficient, [cm 2 s −1]
- D T :
-
Thermo-osmotic diffusion coefficient, [mol cm −1 s −1 K −1]
- E :
-
Half-cell voltage, [V]
- EW :
-
Equivalent weight of the ionomer, [g mol −1]
- F :
-
Faraday’s constant, [C mol −1]
- h :
-
Convective heat transfer coefficient, [W cm −2 K −1]
- H g, N :
-
Henry’s constant, [Pa cm 3 mol −1]
- i :
-
Volumetric current density, [A cm −3]
- j :
-
Current density, [A cm −2]
- \( {j}_0^{ref} \) :
-
Exchange current density, [A cm −2]
- k :
-
Equilibrium rate constant, [cm s −1 (cm 3 mol −1)(α − 1)]
- k e/c :
-
Evaporation or condensation rate per unit of liquid-gas interfacial surface area, [mol cm −2 s −1]
- K i, j :
-
Frictional interaction coefficient between species i and j, [N s cm −4]
- k r :
-
Effective permeability, [cm 2]
- L :
-
Characteristic length, [cm]
- M :
-
Molar mass, [g mol −1]
- n d :
-
Electroosmotic drag coefficient
- p :
-
Pressure, [g cm −1 s −2]
- R :
-
Universal gas constant, [J mol −1 K −1]
- r p :
-
Pore radius, [cm]
- S heat :
-
Volumetric heat source, [W cm −3]
- T :
-
Absolute temperature, [K]
- t :
-
Time, [s]
- u i, k :
-
Mobility of species i in phase k, [cm 2 mol J −1 s −1]
- x :
-
Molar fraction
- z i :
-
Valence (or charge number) of species i
- BPP:
-
Bipolar plate
- CL:
-
Catalyst layer
- CSF:
-
Continuum surface force
- CSS:
-
Continuum surface stress
- ECSA:
-
Electrochemically active surface area
- FEP:
-
Fluorinated ethylene propylene
- GDL:
-
Gas diffusion layer
- ICCP:
-
Ionomer covered catalyst particle
- LS:
-
Level set
- MEA:
-
Membrane electrode assembly
- MPL:
-
Microporous layer
- PEM:
-
Proton exchange membrane
- PEMFC:
-
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
- PFSA:
-
Perfluorosulfonic acid
- PLIC:
-
Piecewise linear interface calculation
- PTFE:
-
Polytetrafluoroethylene
- VOF:
-
Volume of fluid
- α i :
-
Transfer coefficient for reaction i
- \( \overline{\kappa} \) :
-
Partial viscosity, [g cm −1 s −1]
- \( \overline{\nu} \) :
-
Specific volume, [cm 3 g −1]
- β :
-
Transfer coefficient for cathodic reaction
- \( \widehat{\boldsymbol{\tau}} \) :
-
Cauchy stress tensor, [g cm −1 s −2]
- Λ :
-
Collision diameter, [cm]
- \( \widehat{\kappa} \) :
-
Surface curvature, [cm −1]
- η :
-
Overpotential, [V]
- \( \widehat{\boldsymbol{\beta}} \) :
-
Forchheimer correction tensor, [cm]
- γ :
-
Surface tension coefficient, [g s −2]
- γ i :
-
Order of reaction for reaction i
- γ ads :
-
Potential range constant for adsorption isotherm
- \( {\widehat{\mu}}_i \) :
-
Electrochemical potential of species i, [J mol −1]
- \( \widehat{\rho} \) :
-
Charge density, [C cm −3]
- κ :
-
Thermal conductivity coefficient, [W cm −2 K −1]
- λ :
-
Sorbed water content in the membrane
- λ b :
-
Bulk viscosity, [g cm −1 s −1]
- λ eq :
-
Equilibrium sorbed water content in the membrane
- μ :
-
Dynamic viscosity, [g cm −1 s −1]
- ν :
-
Rate of reaction, [mol cm −2 s −1]
- ω :
-
Mass fraction
- ϕ k :
-
Electrostatic potential of phase k, [V]
- ψ :
-
Fraction of active platinum sites available
- ρ :
-
Density, [g cm −3]
- τ :
-
Shear stress tensor, [g cm −1 s −2]
- σ :
-
Conductivity, [S cm −1]
- τ :
-
Tortuosity
- θ :
-
Coverage of intermediate reaction species
- ε :
-
Volume fraction
- ∇:
-
Gradient
- ∇ s :
-
Symmetric gradient
- ⊗:
-
Tensor product
- Θ(x):
-
Heaviside step function
- DA :
-
Dissociative adsorption reaction
- g :
-
Gas mixture
- H :
-
Heyrovsky reaction
- i, j :
-
Species indexes
- k :
-
Phase index
- m :
-
Electrolyte phase
- p :
-
Percolation threshold
- RA :
-
Reductive adsorption reaction
- RD :
-
Reductive desorption reaction
- RT :
-
Reductive transition reaction
- s :
-
Solid phase
- T :
-
Tafel reaction
- V :
-
Volmer reaction
- v :
-
Void phase
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Secanell, M., Jarauta, A., Kosakian, A., Sabharwal, M., Zhou, J. (2017). PEM Fuel Cells, Modeling. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1019-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1019-1
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