Synonyms
Face Detection; Face Recognition, Overview; Liveness assurance; Liveness verification
Definition
The process of verifying whether the face image presented to an authentication system is real (i.e., alive) or whether it is reproduced or synthetic (“spoofed”) and thus fraudulent. When a face authentication system is to recognize the face of a person by means of an electronic camera and associated image recognition software, it is important to be sure that the person seeking the authentication actually presents his or her face to the camera at the time and place of the authentication request; the face is presented live as on live television as distinct from a movie or cartoon program. In contrast, an impostor could try to present a mask, a photograph, or a video recording, showing the facial image of a legitimate client to the camera in order to be falsely authenticated by the system as that client. That kind of threat to authentication systems is known generally as replay attack...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
S.A.C. Schuckers, Spoofing and anti-spoofing measures. Inf. Secur. Tech. Rep. 7(4), 56–62 (2002)
M.M. Chakka, A. Anjos, S. Marcel, R. Tronci, D. Muntoni, G. Fadda, M. Pili, N. Sirena, G. Murgia, M. Ristori, F. Roli, J. Yan, D. Yi, Z. Lei, Z. Zhang, S.Z. Li, W. Robson Schwartz, A. Rocha, H. Pedrini, J. Lorenzo-Navarro, M. Castrillón Santana, J. Määttä, A. Hadid, M. Pietikäinen, Competition on counter measures to 2-D facial spoofing attacks. IJCB 1–6 (2011), doi: 10.1109/IJCB.2011.6117509
J. Yang, Z. Lei, S. Liao, S.Z. Li, Face liveness detection with component dependent descriptor, in Proceedings of the 6th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB2013), Madrid, 4–7 June 2013
T. Ojala, M. Pietikäinen, T. Mäenpää, Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24, 971–987 (2002)
D. Donoho, I. Johnstone, Ideal spatial adaptation via wavelet shrinkage. Biometrika 81(3), 425–455 (1994)
Facial liveness assessment system, Int. Patent WO/2005/008566, http://www.wipo.int (27.1.2005)
K. Kollreider, H. Fronthaler, J. Bigun, Evaluating liveness by face images and the structure tensor, in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies, Buffalo, 17–18 Oct 2005 (IEEE, 2005)
H.-K. Jee, S.-U. Jung, J.-H. Yoo, Liveness detection for embedded face recognition system. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2(6), (2008). waset.org/publications/5308/liveness-detection-for-embedded-face-recognition-system.pdf
Y. Peng, A. Ganesh, J. Wright, W. Xu, Y. Ma, RASL: robust alignment by sparse and low-rank decomposition for linearly correlated images, in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Francisco, 2010, pp. 763–770
P. Viola, M. Jones, Robust real-time face detection. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 57(2), 137–154 (2009)
L. Li, W. Huang, I.Y.H. Gu, Q. Tian, Foreground object detection from videos containing complex background, in Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Berkeley, 2003, pp. 2–10
M.M. Chakka, A. Anjosl, S. Marcel, R. Tronci, D. Muntoni, G. Fadda, M. Pili, N. Sirena, G. Murgia, M. Ristori, F. Roli, J. Yan, D. Yi, Z. Lei, Z. Zhang, S.Z. Li, W.R. Schwartz, A. Rocha, R. Pedrini, J. Lorenzo-Navarro, M. Castrillón-Santana, J. Määttä, A. Radid, M. Pietikäinen, Competition on counter measures to 2-D facial spoofing attacks, in IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics, Washington, DC, 2011, pp. 1–6
I. Chingovska, J. Yang, Z. Lei, D. Yi, S.Z. Li, O. Kähm, C. Glaser, N. Damer, A. Kuijper, A. Nouak, J. Komulainen, T. Pereira, S. Gupta, S. Khandelwal, S. Bansal, A. Rai, T. Krishna, D. Goyal, M.-A. Waris, H. Zhang, I. Ahmad, S. Kiranyaz, M. Gabbouj, R. Tronci, M. Pili, N. Sirena, F. Roli, J. Galbally, J. Fierrez, A. Pinto, H. Pedrini, W.S. Schwartz, A. Rocha, A. Anjos, S. Marcel, The 2nd competition on counter measures to 2D face spoofing attacks, in IEEE International Conference on Biometrics, Madrid, 2013, pp. 1–6
I. Chingovska, A. Anjos, S. Marcel, On the effectiveness of local binary patterns in face anti-spoofing, in Proceedings of the International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG), Darmstadt, 2012, pp. 1–7
G. Chetty, M. Wagner, “Liveness” verification in audio-video authentication, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP-2004, Jeju, 4–7 Oct 2004, vol. III, (2004), pp. 2509–2512
G. Chetty, M. Wagner, Investigating feature level fusion for checking liveness in face voice authentication, in Proceedings Eighth International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, Sydney, 28–31 Aug 2005
H. Bredin, G. Chollet, Audiovisual speech synchrony measure: application to biometrics. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2007(1), 1–11 (2007)
G. Chetty, M. Wagner Speaking faces for face-voice speaker identity verification, in Proceedings of Interspeech-2006 – International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Paper Mon3A1O-6, Pittsburgh (International Speech Communication Association, 2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Wagner, M., Chetty, G. (2015). Anti-spoofing, Face. In: Li, S.Z., Jain, A.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Biometrics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_67
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_67
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-7487-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-7488-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceReference Module Computer Science and Engineering