Definition
Several host cell factors, the chromatin structure of the viral LTR promoter, and the RNA-binding Tat transactivator regulate the transcription of the integrated HIV-1 genome. Transcriptional latency of the provirus in metabolically resting T cells generates cell reservoirs that are refractory to current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
Overview of Regulation of HIV-1 Transcription
Following integrationinto the host cell genome, the molecular mechanisms that regulate transcription from the HIV-1 provirus recapitulate the events that control the expression of most cellular genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Transcription is controlled by the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) positioned at the 5′ of the provirus, which acts as an inducible promoter, with the essential involvement of several cellular specific transcription factors, the general transcription factor-RNAPII machinery, and the essential function of the virus-encoded Tat protein....
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Giacca, M. (2013). Cellular Cofactors for HIV-1 Transcription. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_79-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_79-1
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