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HIV Reservoirs in the Central Nervous System

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Encyclopedia of AIDS

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Definition

The central nervous system (CNS) is a unique anatomical compartment that is shielded from the rest of the body by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Exchange of substances between the CNS and the blood is controlled and limited by the BBB. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the CNS early after viral transmission and, in some cases, replicates independently of that in the blood. Viral replication in the CNS could be supported in multiple cell types including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, microglia, and potentially astrocytes or other cells lacking CD4 receptor expression. Following productive infection of permissive cells, it is plausible that viral species persist in the CNS in the form of a reservoir, or dormant state of infection that is capable of reactivation and production of new viral particles. Analyzing such a reservoir in the context of the CNS is challenging, given the fact that brain tissue can only be sampled at death. Yet, studies using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University of North Carolina, Lineberger Cancer Center, 22-006 Lineberger Cancer Center, Campus Box 7295, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Ronald Swanstrom

Authors
  1. Lauren Tompkins
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  2. Elena Dukhovlinova
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  3. Ronald Swanstrom
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ronald Swanstrom .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Tompkins, L., Dukhovlinova, E., Swanstrom, R. (2016). HIV Reservoirs in the Central Nervous System. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_428-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_428-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

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