Definition
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and can lead to a diminished immune system – opening one up to the risk of developing opportunistic infections. Individuals in jail or prison have higher rates of HIV, and HIV and incarceration share many risk factors (e.g., illicit substance use). Often jails and prisons are thought of as synonymous, but it is important to note that there are important differences. Jails are facilities in which individuals are housed while either serving short-term sentences (typically no longer than one year) or are being detained pre-trial. In contrast, prisons house those who are incarcerated for longer time periods (e.g., greater than a 1 year).
Introduction
Whereas the last several years have had a slight decline in the number of individuals incarcerated, the rate of incarceration in America continues to soar (Kaeble and Glaze 2015). Today over 6.7 million people are involved in the...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health. Health Justice. 2013;1:1–17.
Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Turner W. Health impact of incarceration among HIV-positive, African American men: a qualitative approach. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2013;27:450–8.
Carson EA. Prisoners in 2013. Washington, DC: US 272 Department of Justice; 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV transmission among male inmates in state prison system – Georgia, 1992–2005; 2006. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5515a1.htm.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV in correctional settings. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV among African Americans. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014.
Estelle vs. Gamble, 429 US 97 (Supreme Court 1976).
Federal Bureau of Prisons. HIV seroconversion study. Presented at international emerging infectious diseases conference. March 19–22, Atlanta. 2006.
Galletly CL, Lazzarini Z. Charges for criminal exposure to HIV and aggravated prostitution files in the Nashville, Tennessee prosecutorial region 2000–2010. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:2624–36.
Hammett TM. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in correctional facilities: a report of the National Institute of Justice and the American Correctional Association. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1986;35(12):195–9.
Hammett TM. HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases among correctional inmates: transmission, burden and appropriate response. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(6):974–8.
Iroh PA, Mayo H, Nijhawan AE. The HIV care cascade before, during, and after incarceration: a systematic review and data synthesis. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(7):e5–e16. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302635.
Kaeble D, Glaze LE. Correctional populations in the United States. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics;
Maruschak L. HIV in prisons, 2003. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: Washington; September 2005.
Maruschak L. HIV in prisons. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2001--2010. [accessed 2/28/17]. Report No: NCJ 238877.
Meyer JP, Cepeda J, Wu J, Trestman R, Altice F, Springer S. Optimization of human immuniodefiency virus treatment during incarceration. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(5):721–9.
National HIV/AIDS Strategy. Washington, DC: National HIV/AIDS Strategy. 2010.
Spaulding AC, Seals RM, Page MJ, Brzozowski AK, Rhodes W, Hammett TM. HIV/AIDS among inmates of and releases from US correctional facilities, 2006: declining share of epidemic but persistent public health opportunity. PLoS One. 2009;4(11):e7558.
Spaulding AC, Booker CA, Freeman SH, Ball SW, Stein MS, Jordan AO, Ahuja D, Solomon L, Frew PM. Jails, HIV testing, and linkage to care services: an overview of the EnhanceLink initiative. AIDS Behav. 2012;17(Supp 2):100–7.
Wilson ME, Kinlock TW, Gordon MS, O’Grady KE, Schwartz RP. Post-prison release HIV-risk behaviors in a randomized trial of methadone treatment for prisoners. Am J Addict. 2012;21:476–87.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this entry
Cite this entry
Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2017). Jail and Prison Populations, Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. In: Hope, T., Richman, D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_257-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_257-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine